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1. Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.
The term "renaissance" means "rebirth" and generally refers to the period in European history
from the 14th to the 16th centuries, when there was a revival of interest in classical art,
literature, philosophy, and science. The Renaissance is often seen as a bridge between the
medieval and modern eras, as it marked a transition from feudalism and religious authority to
humanism and individualism. The Renaissance also witnessed the emergence of new artistic
techniques, such as perspective, realism, and chiaroscuro, as well as the development of new
genres, such as sonnets, essays, and biographies. Some of the most influential figures of the
Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Petrarch, Dante, Machiavelli, and
Erasmus.
Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
A) The Renaissance was a period of cultural decline and stagnation in Europe.
B) The Renaissance was a period of cultural rebirth and innovation in Europe.
C) The Renaissance was a period of cultural conflict and violence in Europe.
D) The Renaissance was a period of cultural diversity and exchange in Europe.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The passage defines the term "renaissance" as "rebirth" and provides several
examples of how there was a revival of interest in classical culture and a development of new
artistic techniques and genres in Europe during this period. Therefore, option B is the best
summary of the main idea of the passage. Option A is incorrect because it contradicts the
passage. Option C is incorrect because it is too narrow and does not capture the scope of the
passage. Option D is incorrect because it is too vague and does not specify what kind of cultural
diversity and exchange occurred during the Renaissance.
2. Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.
The human brain is composed of billions of neurons, which are specialized cells that
communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons have three main
parts: the cell body, which contains the nucleus and other organelles; the dendrites, which are
branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons; and the axon, which is a long
projection that carries signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells. The
junction between an axon and another cell is called a synapse, where neurotransmitters are
released to transmit information. The brain has different regions that perform different
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