ACSM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 (Complete And Verified Study material) (18pages) LEARNEXAMS

BIOMECHANICS - ANSWER principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body PROXIMAL - ANSWER CLOSER TO THE TRUNK DISTAL - ANSWER further from the trunk SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - ANSWER above, toward the head INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - ANSWER lower than, toward the feet ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - ANSWER toward the front POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - ANSWER toward the back MEDIAL - ANSWER closer to the midline LATERAL - ANSWER further from the midline THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - ANSWER sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane SAGITTAL PLANE - ANSWER makes a division into right and left portions FRONTAL PLANE - ANSWER makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions TRANSVERSE PLANE - ANSWER makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions ROTATION - ANSWER movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline CIRCUMDUCTION - ANSWER a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction EVERSION - ANSWER turning the sole of the foot away from the midline INVERSION - ANSWER turning the sole of the foot toward the midline Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - ANSWER AXIAL SKELETON VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - ANSWER serves as the main axial support for the body 4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - ANSWER cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral curve KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - ANSWER curves of the thoracic and sacral regions LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - ANSWER curves of the cervical and lumbar region Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - ANSWER hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis HYPERKYPHOSIS - ANSWER exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature HYPERLORDOSIS - ANSWER exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - ANSWER scoliosis STERNUM - ANSWER midline of the chest What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - ANSWER manubrium, body, xiphoid process RF for family history - ANSWER myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when >55 male, >65 female RF for cigarette smoking - ANSWER within 6 months Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - ANSWER Lgreater than 130 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - ANSWER greater than 200 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - ANSWER less than 40 mg/dL RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - ANSWER less than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - ANSWER greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126 greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - ANSWER Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis