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ACTUAL EXAM HESI BIOLOGY 2026/2027 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS VERIFIED ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following shows how information is transformed to
make a protein
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Which cell processes the conversion of carbohydrates to ATP to help
perform various biological functions. Where does this conversion
occur in the cell?
mitochondria
what does the catabolic pathway involve
involve the breakdown of molecules where energy is released
what is Phospholipids
class of lipids that encourage ion flow throughout a cell
explain what is hydrogen bonds
a weak bond between two molecules
Monomers
a single unit of a molecule combines with like monomers to create a
polymer
Hydrophobic
water-repelling
Hydrophilic
water-soluble
what does the Anabolic Pathway involve
involves the synthesis of new molecules where an input of energy is
required
what is metabolism
process of converting food into usable energy
Autotrophs
organisms that make energy-rich biomolecules or rely on
photosynthesis for energy
what is heterotrophs
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other
organisms or their by-products.
Explain what is Pili
hair-like structures that aid in cellular adhesion; unique to prokaryotes
what is Cell Wall
structure providing protection and support to plant cells
explain what is Ribosomes
cell's protein factories that can be found floating in the cytoplasm or
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
what is Chloroplasts
photosynthetic compounds used to make food for plant cells by
harnessing energy from the sun
what is Flagella
A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are
flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
network of membranes that functions as a cell’s transportation system
shuttling proteins and other materials around the cell
what is Centromere
The area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached.
Dominant
when a factor or trait is expressed
DNA Molecule
a long, thin molecule made of subunits called nucleotides that are
linked together in a nucleic acid chain
DNA Replication
process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA
Pyrimidines
class of organic molecules that have a single ring of carbon and
nitrogen atoms that thymine and cytosine belong to
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base
Terminator Sequence
a stop codon, or specific sequence in a DNA strand, that signals for the
transcription process to end and release the RNA molecule
Nucleotides
subunits of DNA
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