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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL FOR HESI
A2 EXAMINATION (2023 EDITION)
Qs and Ans Expert- Explanation
This Exam contains:
-Guarantee passing score -100 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert- Explanation
Question 1: papillary region
Answer:
more superficial dermal layer; provides elasticity to the skin
Question 2: glomerulus
Answer:
type of capillary bed that functions as a filtration system, filtering solutes as blood enters the kidneys from the renal artery
Question 3: cardiovascular system
Answer:
circulates substances throughout the body using blood as a transporting mechanism
Question 4: sensory neurons
Answer:
afferent nerve cells that send information toward the cns
Question 5: Pharynx
Answer:
throat that connects the mouth to the esophagus
Question 6: pyloric sphincter
Answer:
Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine. exit of food.
Question 7: urinary tract
Answer:
comprised of the ureters, bladder and urethra
Question 8: lymphocytes
Answer:
white blood cells that target pathogens; b and t cells are two different types
Question 9: vaccination
Answer:
introduction into the body of dead or disabled pathogen or of a harmless microbe with the protein of a pathogen on its surface
Question 10: ligands
Answer:
chemical signals, molecules released from one location and move to another to produce a response Question 11: what are the three main classes of biomolecules that food is broken down into?
Answer:
carbohydrates, proteins, fat/lipids
Question 12: inferior
Answer:
a structure below another
Question 13: sarcomere
Answer:
smallest, contractile unit in a myofibril
Question 14: Rugae
Answer:
folds in the stomach that increase surface area
Question 15: arteries
Answer:
carry blood away from the heart and toward organs and tissues
Question 16: what is digestion?
Answer:
breakdown of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream
Question 17: pheromones
Answer:
chemical signals are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals
Question 18: smooth muscle
Answer:
consists of non-striated muscle cells that are spindle-shaped
Question 19: melanoma
Answer:
cancer involving uncontrollable growth of melanocytes
Question 20: ligaments
Answer:
attach bones to bones
Question 21: muscle fibers
Answer:
specialized cells in muscles
Question 22: distal
Answer:
farther from the point of attachment to the body
Question 23: Neuroplasticity
Answer:
the brain's ability to form neural connections through synapses
Question 24: villi
Answer:
increases surface are in small intestine for absorption
Question 25: Hypothalamus
Answer:
plays a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system for processes like homeostasis
Question 26: the four cavities of the brain are made up of?
Answer:
ventricles
Question 27: joints
Answer:
site where individual bones meet
Question 28: thoracic cavity
Answer:
part of the ventral cavity, surrounded by the rib cage
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