ANTH 1101 PEOPLES AND CULTURES (SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING & STUDYING CULTURE) UPDATED QUESTIONS ANSWERS.
Linguistic Anthropology - ASNWER-Structure of human languages (universal features & differences)
- Relation between languages & world view
- Social & Cultural uses of language
Cultural Anthropology - ASNWER-Study of living human cultures
- Participant observation in fieldwork
- Ethnology vs. Ethnography
Brief history:
- European nations funded a lot of explorations to try and make sense of the world in Asia (Sem = Dusty),
Europa (Infer = Fair) & Africa (Cham = to be Black)
- From explorationsthey engaged in colonialism
- 19th Century Ladders
> Grouped hugely diverse people into simple races
> Conflated perceived biological differences with
2
2
cultural differences
> Assumed a linear evolutionary tract, whereby lower
races would biologically and culturally evolve into
higher ones
~ Front are Europeans and race goes down to by
color
~ They had different waysto justify differences
Biological/Physical Anthropology - ASNWER-Studying of humans as biological organisms
- Primate relations
- Human evolution
- Human physical diversity
Archeology - ASNWER-Study of past cultures and interpretation of material culture in a variety of
methods
Human Ecology - ASNWER-- Interaction of human groups with their environment
- Foodways
Applied Anthropology - ASNWER-Applying techniques to solve real world problems
"Armchair" Anthropology - ASNWER-- Takes cultural phenomena out of context
- Oversimplifies connections among cultures
- Misinterprets events and practices
> Jared Diamond is seen as an Armchair
anthropologist, thinking he was studying the
civilisations that wasted away. E.g. Easter Island or
Baka teeth for females where they think its better to
eat meat that way when its actually a beauty symbol
to have pointed teeth
3
3
Anthropology VS. Sociology - ASNWER-Anthropology: Study of human beings and their ancestors
through time in all characteristics of humanity, including physiology and evolutionary origins
Sociology: Study of human society at a given period in time, focusing on social relationships.
FILM Clip: The Office - "Diversity Day" - ASNWER-Michael's approach to diversity was for the office to
address all of the stereotypes, though it ended up turning into a free-for-fall to attack racial groups. This
is because there are involuntary, embedded components to racialstereotypesin everybody, whether or
not we morally address that its wrong, or use it to judge people.
READING: "Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?" - ASNWER-Colonial Feminism, Muslim women were
being 'saved' by Christians from the Taliban/terrorists who would 'like to impose on the rest of us' with
burqas and it later became a 'war against terrorism'.
After being freed from the Taliban, Afgan women did not remove their burqas, which is widespread seen
as a 'sign of their oppression'. Burqas weren't even invented by the Taliban, certain areas had worn it
previously.
Simply, people wear the appropriate form of dress for their social communities and are guided by
socially shared status.
We have to learn to not reduce the diverse situations and attitudes of millions of Muslim women to a
single item of clothing.
READING: "Shakespeare in the Bush" - ASNWER-With stories that we grow up listening to, it differs
greatly when we tell it to another culture. The author obviously struggled to keep Hamlet in context with
the tribe as well as the truth to the story because they were so conflicting. That isn't to say that the
original Hamlet was false, but to understand that there are instead other interpretations that may be
true to others.
Salvage Ethnography - ASNWER-To recover the culture that is going to be lost usually due to colonisation
and assimilation. Can negatively cause a rush to document natives without proper treatment.
Generally associated with the American anthropologist Franz Boaz; where him and his students aimed to
record vanishing Native American cultures.
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