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1. Which mechanism describes the reaction in which a
nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde or
ketone to form a new carbon-oxygen (C-O) bond?
a) Electrophilic substitution
b) Nucleophilic addition
c) Electrophilic addition
d) Nucleophilic substitution
Answer: b) Nucleophilic addition
Rationale: Nucleophilic addition reactions involve the
attack of a nucleophile on a polarized π bond or the carbon
of a carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of a new CO bond.
2. Which reaction mechanism involves the transfer of a
hydrogen atom and a halogen atom to two different
reactants, usually in the presence of heat or light?
a) Free radical substitution
b) Electrophilic substitution
c) Nucleophilic substitution
d) Electrophilic addition
Answer: a) Free radical substitution
Rationale: Free radical substitution reactions involve the
replacement of an atom or a group in a molecule with a free
radical (species with an unpaired electron), leading to the
formation of a new bond.
3. Which of the following reaction mechanisms involvesÂ
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