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In order to make a manager's task easier, the types of communication channels are grouped
into three main groups: formal, informal and unofficial.
1. Formal Communication Channels
ï‚· A formal communication channel transmits information such as the goals, policies and
procedures of an organization. Messages in this type of communication channel follow a
chain of command. This means information flows from a manager to his subordinates
and they in turn pass on the information to the next level of staff.
ï‚· An example of a formal communication channel is a company's newsletter, which gives
employees as well as the clients a clear idea of a company's goals and vision. It also
includes the transfer of information with regard to memoranda, reports, directions, and
scheduled meetings in the chain of command.
ï‚· A business plan, customer satisfaction survey, annual reports, employer's manual,
review meetings are all formal communication channels.
2. Informal Communication Channels
ï‚· Within a formal working environment, there always exists an informal communication
network. The strict hierarchical web of communication cannot function efficiently on its
own and hence there exists a communication channel outside of this web. While this
type of communication channel may disrupt the chain of command, a good manager
needs to find the fine balance between the formal and informal communication
channel.
ï‚· An example of an informal communication channel is lunchtime at the organization's
cafeteria/canteen. Here, in a relaxed atmosphere, discussions among employees are
encouraged. Also managers walking around, adopting a hands-on approach to handling
employee queries is an example of an informal communication channel.
ï‚· Quality circles, team work, different training programs are outside of the chain of
command and so, fall under the category of informal communication channels.
3. Unofficial Communication Channels
ï‚· Good managers will recognize the fact that sometimes communication that takes place
within an organization is interpersonal. While minutes of a meeting may be a topic of
discussion among employees, sports, politics and TV shows also share the floor.
ï‚· The unofficial communication channel in an organization is the organization's
'grapevine.' It is through the grapevine that rumors circulate. Also those engaging in
'grapevine' discussions often form groups, which translate into friendships outside of
the organization. While the grapevine may have positive implications, more often than
not information circulating in the grapevine is exaggerated and may cause unnecessary
alarm to employees. A good manager should be privy to information circulating in this
unofficial communication channel and should take positive measures to prevent the
flow of false information.Â
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