B5, B6 AQA GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY -JUNE 2026/2027 (4pages)

How can disease spread ? (3) - ANS--direct contact -by air -by water what factors can make you more susceptible to communicable diseases? (4) - ANS-- malnourished(lower immune system) -genetic disorders -where you live(diseases present there) -other illness e.g HIV, AIDS examples of diseases which interact (5) - ANS--viruses in cells can trigger changes leading to cancers -low immune system makes you more susceptible to communicable diseases -immune reactions can trigger allergies to environmental factors -physical health affects mental health -malnutrition is linked to health problems such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardio diseases factors affecting health (3) - ANS--diet: not enough food or nutrients -stress -life situations: where you live, healthcare available pathogen - ANS-microorganism which causes infectious disease directly or by producing toxins examples of pathogens (4) - ANS--virus -bacteria -fungi -protist how do bacteria harm us ? - ANS--reproduce rapidly in body -produce toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill how do viruses make us ill ? - ANS-live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage or destroying them how can the spread of disease be reduced or prevented ? (6) - ANS--washing hands, surfaces and agriculture equipment -covering mouth when sneezing or coughing -isolating infected individuals or plants -vaccination (only in humans) -sterilising water -destroying vectors e.g mosquitos, flies, aphids for plants how are diseases spread ?? (3) - ANS--air -direct contact -water examples of how diseases are spread in the air (2) - ANS--droplet infection (saliva) -fungal spores spread plant diseases examples of how diseases are spread by direct contact (4) - ANS--parts of infected plants left in a field -STIs -HIV/AIDS (blood and sexual contact) -animals can carry pathogens between plants and humans examples of how diseases are spread in water (3) - ANS--fungal spores in water (plant diseases) -raw or contaminated foods (bacterial diseases in humans) -sewage or contaminated water how is salmonella spread? (2) - ANS--ingesting bacteria in undercooked food -food contaminated from preparation in unhygienic conditions how is salmonella poisoning prevented ? (5) - ANS--poultry are vaccinated against salmonella -separating raw and cooked meat -not washing raw chicken -thoroughly cooking chicken -washing hands and surfaces symptoms of salmonella ? (4) - ANS--fever -stomach cramps -vomiting -diarrhoea symptom of gonnorhea (2) - ANS--yellow and green thick discharge -pain during urination (most people have no symptoms