BIO 1013 Anatomy & Physiology COMPLETED EXAM 2026/2027 (69pages)

1. What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure? How are they measured and what are the normal ranges for adults? Systolic blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls during ventricular contraction, while diastolic blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls during ventricular relaxation. They are measured using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope, and the normal ranges for adults are 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic) or lower. 2. What are the main functions of the liver? Name three diseases or disorders that affect the liver and their symptoms. - The main functions of the liver are to produce bile, which aids in fat digestion and absorption; to metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; to store glycogen, vitamins, and minerals; to detoxify drugs, alcohol, and toxins; and to synthesize plasma proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors. Three diseases or disorders that affect the liver are hepatitis, cirrhosis, and