BIO 1021 EXAM SOUTH UNI QNS & ANS 2026/2027 7pages

1. Give the two types of molecule from which a ribosome is made. Ribosomal RNA, ribosomal proteins 2. Name two structures found in all bacteria that are not found in plant cells. Plasmids , Nucleoid 3. Describe how monomers join to form the primary structure of a protein The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. Amino acids are the monomers, or building blocks, of proteins. To form a peptide bond, the amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another amino acid, releasing a molecule of water. This process is called a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis. The peptide bond is a covalent bond that joins the two amino acids together. The primary structure of a protein determines its shape and function. 4. What is a tumour? A tumour is an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign or malignant. Benign tumours do not spread to other parts of the body and are usually not life-threatening. Malignant tumours, also known as cancers, can invade and destroy nearby tissues and organs, and can metastasize to distant sites. Tumours can arise from any type of cell or tissue in the body, and can have different causes and risk factors. Some common symptoms of tumours are lumps, swelling, pain, bleeding, weight loss, fatigue, and changes in organ function. 5. If 30% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what percent are expected to be thymine? 0% 6. Sugar gliders and Northern flying squirrels are mammals that have many morphological similarities despite being genetically different. Both are nocturnal and have large eyes to help them see in the dark. Both live in trees and have flaps of skin connecting their front and back legs, and when their front and