BIO 191 CH 41 HW EXAM QUESTIONS

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BIO 191 CH 41 HW EXAM QUESTIONS

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-Guarantee passing score -25 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: Predation is an interspecific interaction in which one species benefits by eating another. Potential prey organisms have various adaptations that allow them to avoid or escape predators. The following examples demonstrate either mimicry, camouflage, mechanical defense, chemical defense, or schooling. Sort the examples based on the type of predator avoidance they demonstrate.Drag each example to the appropriate bin.

Answer:

Mimicry:

-viceroy and monarch butterflies (both unpalatable) look alike -hornet moth (harmless) resembles paper wasp (venomous)

Camouflage:

-an octopus assumes the color and texture of the seafloor

Mechanical Defense:

-rosebush thorns -sea urchin spines -snails have shells

Chemical Defense:

-skunk scent -jimsonweed toxins

Schooling/Flocking:

-flock of snow geese Camouflage may prevent a predator from noticing potential prey, such as an octopus that changes the color and texture of its skin to match its surroundings. Other species mimic dangerous or distasteful prey; predators avoid both the model and the mimic. Chemical and mechanical defenses include plant

toxins and sea urchin spines, respectively. Flocking is a behavioral adaptation in birds and is analogous to schooling or herding in other species; it may reduce the chance that any individual prey animal will be eaten by a predator.Some species use more than one form of defense against predators. For example, deer forage for food in herds, and their young (fawns) have spotted fur that acts as camouflage. Beetles have a hard external skeleton and forewings, which provide a mechanical defense, and many secrete chemicals that make them unpalatable Question 2: Which of these terms applies to the relationship between a dog and a blood-sucking tick?mutualism commensalism predation parasitism competition

Answer:

parasitism The tick benefits at the expense of the dog; the dog is the host and the tick is the parasite.Question 3: Rank each of the following forests by how much they would benefit from a prescribed burn.

Answer:

Low Benefit -Trees -Trees / small trees -Trees / small tress / logs -Trees / small trees / logs / dead trees High Benefit Question 4: Based on this graph, what is the best conclusion about the effect of thinning on fire severity? For help understanding the error bars, see the hints.For help understanding the error bars, see the hints.It is impossible to tell whether thinning has an effect or not.Thinning significantly reduces the tree survival rate compared to the control plots.Thinning appears to have no significant effect compared to the control plots.Thinning significantly increases the tree survival rate compared to the control plots.

Answer:

Thinning appears to have no significant effect compared to the control plots.

Question 5: Humans and sharks both eat fish. Which of these terms applies to the relationship between the human and the shark?mutualism competition parasitism predation commensalism

Answer:

competition The human and the shark are both competing for a resource (fish).

Question 6: During which period were forest fires most extensive?

1700-1750

1750-1800

1800-1850

1850-1900

Answer:

1700-1750

Question 7: Which of the following is the most likely explanation for how prescribed burning reduces fire severity?It lowers the oxygen concentration in that part of the forest so that a wildfire never reaches the critical heat required to kill most of the trees.It stimulates the tree to produce thicker bark that is more fire resistant.It kills off shrubs, allowing young trees to establish and grow.It deposits a layer of ash on the forest floor that insulates it from future wildfires.It reduces the amount of fuel on the ground so that a wildfire never reaches the critical heat required to kill most of the trees.

Answer:

It reduces the amount of fuel on the ground so that a wildfire never reaches the critical heat required to kill most of the trees.Prescribed fires burn along the ground, consuming "forest fuels" such as ground vegetation and twigs, smaller branches, and bark from fallen trees. This reduces the amount of fuel available to a subsequent wildfire. As a result, a wildfire in a previously prescribed burned area never reaches the critical heat required to kill most of the trees.Think of a campfire. If you throw on an armful of branches and twigs, the flames might tower above you. In contrast, a few sticks would keep the fire small and manageable.The final and most important step of your study is to disseminate the results to forest managers so they can work to reduce the likelihood of future large, out-of-control wildfires that kill nearly all of the trees. Based on your study, thinning alone is not effective in reducing wildfire severity. To capture the full benefit of thinning, they will need to also use prescribed burning to reduce forest fuels.

Question 8: You have selected the following prediction to test: Previously thinned forests will have higher tree survival than adjacent forests that were not thinned. Now you need to define the key variables that you will use to test this prediction.For the following variables, sort them as independent variables, dependent variables, or variables that should be controlled (held constant). See the hints for more information about variables.

Answer:

Independent:

-thinning or no thinning before the fire

Dependent:

-tree survival rate after the fire

Controlled Variable:

-elevation of the site -dominant tree species Now that you have a specific, testable hypothesis and a clear understanding of the variables that you will use in your study, you are ready to start developing a detailed experimental design.Question 9: The answer choices below show close-ups of the Tripod area. Which of the following sampling designs would be adequately controlled and most representative of the whole burned area? See the hints to review good sampling practices.

Answer:

the one that has both control and thinned in both the north and the south goes up to control/thinned 4 Now that you have your hypothesis, your variables, and an experimental design to ensure that your data collection is representative and unbiased, it's time to start sampling.Question 10: Which of the following best describes the Yellowstone Plateau landscape in 1900?More than half of the landscape was covered by forests made up of mature shade-tolerant trees.Most of the landscape was occupied with forests made up of young lodgepole pines.All of the forest stages occupied about the same amount of area.More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established.

Answer:

More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established.

Question 11: A hypothetical bat species (species

1) lives in a city. Another hypothetical bat species (species 2) established a population in the same city after a number of individuals escaped from a zoo.In isolation, each species prefers to roost in buildings that are three or more stories tall.After species 2 became established in the city, species 1 began roosting only in buildings less than three stories tall, whereas species 2 roosted in buildings three or more stories tall.