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1. Which layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is responsible for
peristalsis and segmentation?
A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Muscularis
D. Serosa
Answer: C. Muscularis
Rationale: The muscularis layer is responsible for the involuntary
movements of peristalsis and segmentation that propel and mix food along
the GI tract.
2. The enteric nervous system primarily controls which of the following
functions in the GI tract?
A. Blood flow regulation
B. Digestive enzyme secretion
C. Motility and secretion
D. Nutrient absorption
Answer: C. Motility and secretion
Rationale: The enteric nervous system is a network of neurons that
governs the function of the GI tract, including motility and secretion,
independently of the central nervous system.
3. What is the primary function of the stomach's pyloric sphincter?
A. To prevent backflow of food from the small intestine
B. To regulate the release of stomach contents into the duodenum
C. To mix food with gastric juices
D. To initiate protein digestion
Answer: B. To regulate the release of stomach contents into the duodenum
Rationale: The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of chyme from the
stomach to the small intestine, ensuring a regulated and gradual release.
4. Which cells in the stomach are responsible for secreting hydrochloric
acid (HCl)?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. Goblet cells
D. Enteroendocrine cells
Answer: B. Parietal cells
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