BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Module 10 Final Exam Review Q & A 2026 (Complete And Verified Study material) (22pages) LEARNEXAMS

1. A 50-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis? A. Muscle strain B. Herniated disc C. Spinal stenosis D. Osteoporotic fracture Answer: B. Herniated disc Rationale: The sudden onset of severe lower back pain is most indicative of a herniated disc, especially if the pain radiates to the lower extremities. 2. A patient is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following laboratory findings would be consistent with this diagnosis? A. Elevated white blood cell count B. Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test C. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) D. Low rheumatoid factor (RF) Answer: C. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Rationale: An increased ESR is commonly seen in patients with RA as it indicates inflammation, which is a hallmark of the disease. 3. Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis (OA)? A. Morning stiffness lasting more than one hour B. Symmetrical joint involvement C. Heberden's nodes D. Bamboo spine Answer: C. Heberden's nodes Rationale: Heberden's nodes, which are bony enlargements of the distal interphalangeal joints, are commonly associated with OA. 4. A 60-year-old female with a history of chronic steroid use is at risk for which musculoskeletal disorder? A. Gout B. Osteoporosis C. Fibromyalgia D. Ankylosing spondylitis Answer: B. Osteoporosis