BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Module 9 Final Exam Review Q & A 2026 (Complete And Verified Study material) (20pages) LEARNEXAMS

1. A 54-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 presents with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and ketonuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Diabetes insipidus B. Diabetic ketoacidosis C. Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma D. Cushing's syndrome Answer: B. Diabetic ketoacidosis Rationale: The presence of ketonuria along with hyperglycemia in a patient with known diabetes mellitus type 2 suggests diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication that requires prompt medical intervention. 2. A patient is diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to find? A. Tetany B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Paresthesia Answer: C. Hypercalcemia Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to elevated serum calcium levels. 3. A 30-year-old female patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Her TSH levels are elevated, and T4 levels are low. What is the most appropriate next step in management? A. Start levothyroxine therapy B. Perform a thyroidectomy C. Prescribe a course of iodine supplements D. Initiate glucocorticoid therapy Answer: A. Start levothyroxine therapy Rationale: The patient's symptoms and lab results are indicative of hypothyroidism, and the first line of treatment is levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone.