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What are the main components of the central nervous system (CNS)? Provide a brief explanation of their
function.
Answer: The main components of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls cognitive
functions, sensory perception, and voluntary actions, while the spinal cord serves as a pathway for nerve
signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Rationale: This question tests the students' understanding of the basic structure and function of the CNS.
2. Describe the structural and functional differences between neurons and glial cells.
Answer: Neurons are the primary functional units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting
electrical signals, while glial cells provide support and protection to neurons. Neurons have specialized
structures such as dendrites, axons, and synapses, whereas glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the
structural integrity of the nervous system.
Rationale: This assesses the students' understanding of the distinction between neurons and glial cells,
emphasizing their respective roles.
3. Explain the role of myelin in the nervous system and its importance in signal transmission.
Answer: Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of neurons, acting as an insulating layer. It
helps to increase the speed and efficiency of signal transmission by preventing the dissipation of electrical
signals and allowing for saltatory conduction.
Rationale: This question evaluates the students' knowledge of myelin and its impact on nerve signal
conduction.
4. Discuss the major divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and their functions.
Answer: The PNS consists of the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The SNS controls voluntary movements and relays sensory information, while the ANS regulates
involuntary actions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration.
Rationale: This tests the students' understanding of the subdivisions of the PNS and their respective
functions.
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