BIOS 256 Exam 2- with 100% verified solutions 2026-2027 (10pages)

1. Carbs are polymers of what? Slide 28? a. Monosaccharides – galactose, fructose, glucose b. Disaccharides = sucrose, maltose, lactose c. Polysaccharides = starches, glycogen, fibers 2. Combining small simple molecules into synthesizing into complex molecules is the definition of Anabolism. 3. Which vitamin is for Ca abs. Slide 62 a. Vitamin D 4. Which of hormones will DOMINATE in the Post absorptive state (125-127) a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. cortisol 5. Which region in the brain monitors thermoreg. Slide 143 a. Preoptic area of hypothalamus 6. The formation of new gluc molecule from non-carb substrates is called a. Gluconeogenesis (147) 7. If O2 is absent during glycolysis what molecule is glucose reduced to? a. Lactate/lactic acid 8. Hormones that associated with reg of GFR a. Aldosterone b. Adh 9. What’s the normal Vol of urine produced by adult? a. 1-2 L 10. Alc use increases adh and decreases? And urine prod a. Alc suppresses ADH production->is a DUIRETIC -> increases urine output 11. Structures of nephron countercurrent a. Vasa recta = descending +ascending capillaries b. medulla 12. Nephron production of blood a. Secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells. 13. Correct order of tubules a. Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule: b. Collecting duct receives fluid from many nephrons. 14. Hormones that activate aquaporines in DCT a. ADH 15. Hormone that is resp for reabs of Na+ a. Aldosterone i. Angiotensin II => reabs of NaCl 16. Slide 106 – which is associated with type one dm a. Lack of insulin prod in beta cells of pancreas b. Autoimmune dz c. Body cannot decrease BS=> high BS d. Excessive thirst+urination e. Fatigue + wt loss f. Treated with insulin injections 17. What is product of aerobic cellular resp