BIOS252 Comprehensive Exam Review Topics

BIOS252 Comprehensive Exam Review Topics
BI OS251 Terminology and Body Overview and Homeostasis
 Direc琀椀onal Terminology
o Superior
o Inferior
o Medial
o Lateral
o Proximal
o Distal
o Anterior
o Posterior
o Super昀椀cial
o Deep
ï‚· Planes of the body
o Sagi琀琀al
 Mid-sagi琀琀al
 Para-sagi琀琀al
o Frontal
o Transverse
o Oblique
ï‚· Body Regions – be able to iden琀椀fy the di昀昀erent regions of the body.
ï‚· Homeostasis
o A range of body mechanisms. Any琀椀me we fall out of the range (both above and below) a
correc琀椀on needs to be made or it will result in disease
 Nega琀椀ve Feedback – a change is made to correct an imbalance and as soon as
the change is brought back into homeostasis, the correc琀椀ve change is stopped.
 Posi琀椀ve Feedback – a change is made to correct an imbalance and that change is
con琀椀nued un琀椀l (eventually) nega琀椀ve feedback stops the correc琀椀on.
Chemistry
ï‚· Hydrolysis-
ï‚· Reactants versus products
o Reactants are the chemicals that start the reac琀椀on (usually on the le昀琀 side of the
equa琀椀on) and products are what you are le昀琀 with when the reac琀椀on is complete
(usually on the right side of the equa琀椀on)
ï‚· Acids versus bases
o Acids – willing to give up a H+
 ion; has a pH less than 7
o Neutral – can func琀椀on as either an acid or a base; has a pH = 7
o Basic/Alkaline – func琀椀ons to accept a H+
 ion; has a pH greater than 7