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1. What is the process by which DNA is duplicated during
the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Replication
d. Transduction
Answer: c. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of
the cell cycle. During this process, the DNA helix unwinds
and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a
new strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
2. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for
producing ATP through aerobic respiration?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
Answer: c. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of
the cell as they generate energy through aerobic respiration.
This process occurs in the mitochondria's inner membrane,
using nutrients to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
3. What is the primary function of red blood cells in the
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