Linear Model âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Basic components of a simple exchange between 2 people. Straight forward process Phases of Linear model âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Phase 1 Deciding on message Phase 2 Encoding the message Phase 3 Transmitting the message Phase 4 Perceiving the message Phase 5 Decoding and assigning the meaning to the message Transactional Model âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€More realistic then the linear model. Transactional Model is âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Dependent on many factors such as context, relationship between communicators, socio-cultural situation Stages of Perception âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Selection Organization Interpretation Selective exposure âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€attend info that reinforces existing belief and disregard info that is at odds with our current positon Selective attention âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€once we are engaged in a particular interaction we focus on certain info and ignore other info Selective recall âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€we remember things that we agree with rather then things that are contrary to our beliefs Organization âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Figure/ground Closure-fill in missing info Proximity/physical closeness Similarity Interpretation âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€We can assign meaning to stimuli Identity âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€You express your cultural and group affiliation Current internal state âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€How people perceive stimuli involves how they are feeling Locus of causation âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Refers to whether the communicators behavior was motivated by an internal state or an external state Self-presentation âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Strategic development and use of verbal and non verbal messages that result others making conclusions about the kind of individual you are Impression management âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Deliberate use of verbal/nonverbal messages to create a particular impression among others Plan for Effective Self-presentation âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Set a goal Create a strategy Execute the strategy and evaluate the results Modify negative perceptions Co-Culture âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Reflect the unique beliefs, ways of thinking, communication patterns and styles, and customs of members of particular groups that exist within the umbrella culture. Ex. Marines, college students, crossfit, pet owners Individualism âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Values people who are assertive and speak for themselves, independent and not reliant on others. Remain somewhat emotionally distant from others Collectivism âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Value their membership in their particular in-group to such an extent that they place a greater importance on their role within the group High context communication âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Rely heavily on environmental cues Low context communication âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Require explicit or clean verbal messages. Spoon feed what is expected Feminine âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Nurturing, friendly, affectionate, compassionate, warm, supportive Masculine âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Assertive, ambitious, success-oriented, competitive, cold Monochronic âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Work on one thing at a time. They are very punctual and rarely cancel Polychronic âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Work on multiple things at one time. Very chaotic and unfocused Ethnocentrism âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Belief that one's own culture and lifestyle is superior to all others High power distance âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€Unlikely to question the actions and statements of people with a lot of power or of a high rank in society at work or within a family. (Philippines, Mexico, Venezuela, India, Singapore, Brazil, Vietnam, China and France) Low power distance âœâ€Ã¢Å“â€People tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers between people that status and rank create (Israel, Denmark, Sweden, great Britain, Germany, Canada and US)
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