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Which of the following genes is commonly associated with an increased
risk of breast cancer?
 A. BRCA1
 B. HER2
 C. KRAS
 D. EGFR
 Answer: A
 Rationale: BRCA1 mutations are well-known genetic risk factors for
breast cancer. These mutations can be inherited and significantly increase
the lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
Mutations in the TP53 gene are most commonly associated with which
type of cancer?
 A. Colorectal cancer
 B. Lung cancer
 C. Pancreatic cancer
 D. Li-Fraumeni syndrome
 Answer: D
 Rationale: TP53 gene mutations are linked to Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a
rare inherited disorder that predisposes individuals to a wide range of
cancers, including breast cancer, brain tumors, and leukemia.
Which of the following genes is associated with an increased risk of
melanoma?
 A. BRAF
 B. PTEN
 C. APC
 D. RET
 Answer: A
 Rationale: Mutations in the BRAF gene are commonly found in
melanomas, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division, which are
characteristic features of cancer.
The HER2 gene is most notably associated with which type of cancer?
 A. Prostate cancer
 B. Colorectal cancer
 C. Ovarian cancer
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