CBSE STUDY GUIDE PART 1 EXAM QUESTIONS

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CBSE STUDY GUIDE (PART 1) EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

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-Guarantee passing score -60 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: A female newborn dies at the age of 12 days. A photograph of a section of the brain as seen at autopsy is shown. The newborn was most likely affected by which of the following?

Answer:

Hyperbilirubinemia Kernicterus: damage to the brain centers of infants cause by increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin.Question 2: An investigative team is studying the physiologic mechanisms that explain increased exercise performance during 2 weeks at high altitude (10,000 feet above sea level) in experimental animals. These experiments are designed to distinguish between increases in arterial oxygen delivery to exercising muscle and unloading oxygen from blood into the tissues.Which of the following factors would be expected to increase for the data to support increased unloading oxygen into the tissues with acclimatization to high altitude?

Answer:

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate It binds with greater affinity to deoxygenated hemoglobin (e.g. when the red cell is near respiring tissue) than it does to oxygenated hemoglobin

Question 3: A 46 year old man comes into the office with right shoulder pain. External resistance is painful but there is no weakness. MRI shows tear of right infraspinatus muscle.Which muscle is compensating?

Answer:

Teres minor External rotation is caused by infraspinatus and teres minor. Hypertrophy of teres minor when the infraspinatus tendon is torn.Question 4: A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-hour history of progressive difficulty breathing and mild left shoulder pain. His symptoms began after he ran up several flights of stairs. He has poorly controlled hypertension and mild angina pectoris. He has smoked one-half pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years. He appears uncomfortable and has labored breathing. Diffuse crackles, rhonchi, and scattered wheezing are heard on auscultation of the posterior lung fields. His arterial Po2 is 58 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer:

Pulmonary Edema Question 5: A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One year ago, she was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Two years ago, she delivered a female stillborn at 23 weeks' gestation. Physical examination today shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a platelet count of 250,000/mm3, a prothrombin time within the reference range, and an increased partial thromboplastin time. The findings in this patient are most consistent with which of the following conditions?

Answer:

Antiphospholipid syndrome Question 6: 72 year old man come to primary care with history of back and bilateral thigh pain when walking, and tingling in legs. Reduced when leaning on stroller. No trauma. Thickening of which ligament is contributing to this?

Answer:

Ligamentum flavum Spinal stenosis (narrowing of spinal canal). Posture-dependent. Caused by degenerative arthritis of the spine. Aging causes loss in disc height, bone spurs, and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum.Question 7: A 60-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination.

Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Urinalysis shows:

- pH: 6.0

- Specific gravity: 1.018

- Blood: 3+

- Glucose: negative

- Protein: 1+

Microscopic examination of the urine shows atypical cells. A CT scan of the abdomen discloses a lesion of the right kidney as shown in the photograph. Which of the following compounds is the most significant predisposing risk factor for this patient's condition?

Answer:

2-Naphthylamine It is an aromatic amine. It is used to make azo dyes. It is a known human carcinogen.2-Naphthylamine is found in cigarette smoke and suspected to contribute to the development of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary tract system. It is activated in the liver but quickly deactivated by conjugation to glucuronic acid. In the bladder, glucuronidase re-activates it by deconjugation, which leads to the development of bladder cancer.Question 8: A 60-year-old man develops pain, erythema, and swelling of the right great toe.Serum uric acid concentration is three times normal. Which of the following findings is most common in patients with this condition?

Answer:

No specific enzyme or renal defect.Gout can be caused by underexcretion, overproduction, or overconsumption of purines.In rare cases, overproduction of uric acid can be genetic. These disorders include hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (Lesch-Nyhan syndrome), glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (von Gierke disease), fructose 1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, and PP-ribose-P synthetase variants.It can also be linked to thyroid issues, renal insufficancy, or chronic alcohol abuse.Question 9: A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of a moderate vaginal discharge. Physical examination shows a thin, white, vaginal discharge that has a foul-smelling fishy odor. Vaginal pH is 6. A Pap smear shows clumps of bacteria on the squamous cells. There are no leukocytes. Culture of the discharge is most likely to show an increased amount of which of the following?

Answer:

Gardnerella vaginalis Gardnerella vaginalis causes vaginosis. (overgrowth of bacteria in vagina)

Symptoms:

• white/gray vaginal discharge
• fishy smell
• non-painful
• Vaginal epithelial cells are covered with bacteria

Treatment: Metronidazole

Question 10: A 26 year old previously healthy man is brought to Emergency department after motor vehicle collision. Has left shoulder pain , nausea, hiccups .BP is 90/ 60 and P is 115 / min . Has a bruise on lower chest wall. Normal heart sounds and breath sounds. Rigid and tender abdomen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer:

Splenic laceration Left shoulder pain, hypotension, and tachycardia suggest a splenic laceration. Hemoperitoneum , ruptured spleen, peritonitis can all cause phrenic nerve irritation and referred pain to the shoulder region (Kehr sign). Phrenic nerve irritation can cause hiccups.Question 11: A 52 year old man with a family history of renal failure comes to the physician because of abdominal pain over the last 6 months. He has been treated in the past for renal calculi and hypertension. Physical examination shows bilateral palpable masses in the upper abdomen. Urinalysis shows created erythrocytes and mild proteinuria. A CT scan of the abdomen identifies the cause of the patient's problem. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer:

Polycystic Kidney Disease Question 12: During an experiment, the US11 gene product of cytomegalovirus is expressed constitutively after stable transfection in an experimental tumor cell line. It is found that this gene product causes translocation of nascent class I MHC molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol. Which of the following is most likely to occur regarding the class I MHC products?

Answer:

Degradation by the proteasome Normally MHC I is made in the RER and transported to the cell membrane. If it gets translocated to the cytosol, it is likely to be degraded.

Question 13: A 60 year-old man comes to the physician because of weakness and

light-headedness for 3 months. His diet consists of a healthy balance of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean chicken and fish. He has a 10-year history of chronic autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis treated with thyroxine. Physical examination shows pallor. Serum studies show increased concentrations of methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine. A peripheral blood smear shows megaloblastic anemia. Which of the following is the most likely