Chemistry Final ACS Exam 2026/2027 with Complete Solution (5pages)

Accuracy? >>>Closeness of measurements to the TRUE VALUE of what is being measured Precision? >>>Closeness of a SET of measurements How do you calculate Percent Error? >>>I experimental-accepted I ____________________ x 100 accepted value Are zeros infront of non-zero digis significant? >>>Nope! ex: 0.0071 is only 2 sig figs Are zeros at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal significant? >>>Yep! ex: 9.100 is 4 sig figs Addition/Subtraction in regards to sig figs? >>>Round numbers to the least number of decimal places Multiplaction/Division in regards to sig figs? >>>Round answers to the least amount of sig figs # of e- equal >>>the # of p+ Atomic Mass? >>>Number of protons in the nucleus (number on the left bottom corner of the chemical symbol) Atomic Mass Number? >>>Number of protons and neutrons (number on the left upper corner of the chemical symbol) Isotope? >>>Atoms of the same element, but with different masses (different number of neutrons) STUDY ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS >>>STUDY ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS Do columns or rows in the Periodic Table have similar patterns? >>>Columns (the "groups") have repeating patterns? Which area of the Periodic Table has greater metallicness? >>>Left and down has greater metallicness Which area of the PT has greater atomic size? >>>Left and down has a greater atomic size Which area of the PT has greater ionization energy? >>>Right side and up has greater ionization energy Which area of the PT has greater electronegativity? >>>Right side and up has greater electronegativiy, except the Noble Gases of 0 electronegativy Ionic Bonding? >>>Metal and a nonmetal. Give/take electrons Covalent bonding? >>>Nonmetal and a nonmetal. Share electrons. VSEPR Theory? >>>Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion aka Valence e- pairs stay as far apart as possible How do you determine polarity? >>>Use the chart that has electronegativity values, then subtract the elements in the compound from each other. Is water polar? >>>Yes! Combination Reaction? >>>A + B --> AB Decomposition Reaction? >>>AB --> A + B Single Replacement Reaction? >>>AB + C --> AC + B Double Replacement Reaction? >>>AB + CD --> AD + CB Combustion Reaction? >>>C + H + O --> H2O + CO2 always Avogadro's Number? >>>6.022 x 10^23 particles = 1 mole Molar Mass? >>>gram/mole Mole to Volume? >>>1 mole = 22.4 L Empirical Formula vs Molecular Formula? >>>Molecular = the actual number of atoms in a compound Empirical = basic ratio, smallest whole numbers of atoms in a compound Percent Composition? >>>Mass element/mass compound x 100 Limiting Reactant? >>>The reactant which runs out first...meaning it limits how much product can be made ex: If there's 1 mole of NaOH and 2 moles of HCl, NaOH is the limiting reactant, because it is used up (only 1 mole)