CIS 105 FINAL NOTE 2026-2027(52pages)

 Why computer works? System software load the operating system  When computer start from scratch (restart)  warm boot  When computer turn off  ordinary exist  When computer turn on  ***********  BIOS “Basic Input/ Output System” (Also called “Firmware”): is Responsible for loading operating system.  Ram “Random Access Memory”: Primary storage, fastest storage, requires electricity to not lose data, save to secondary storage or to cloud.  The data in ram is saved to secondary storage, usually a hard drive or spinning media.  A hard drive is: a secondary storage, a filing cabinet, does not need electricity to retain data, is what makes up most of the cloud  ******** And keyboards need programs to run as well, and those programs are called device drivers.  Computers only understand 1 and 0 which is called machine language or machine code.  Everything has to be translated either into machine code or out of machine code (within input devices or output devices) EX: keyboard (input device) , microphone (input device), monitor ( output device) , speaker ( output device), webcam ( input device). All translating into the language.  The advantage of putting laundry in dryer and then Grapping all laundry of dryer  speed and save time. DisadvantageDisorganized,, so the mother fore goes to defragmentation. Your hard drive gets disorganized and to organize it we use: Defragmentation “Defrag”takes information on your hard drive and moves it to the inner concentric tracks of a hard drive. Defrag organize hard drive by moving data and information to the inside concentric tracks of the hard drive  Defrag does not make your hard drive go faster, but Defrag does however have your hard drive more efficient. CH: 8  computer network: two or more computers connected together to share resources  (those resources are files and folders, software, hardware, internet) Don’t forget that internet is considered resource of a network.  Where can I catch a printer and scanner? I catch it to a server, so that everybody can use the printer and scanner  the printer and scanner are called peripheral devices  anything connected to a network is called a node  a computer with no network at all including no internet is considered garbage  the main advantage of network  collaboration  there are 4 things that make up every network:  1- Network Interface Controller card “NIC”: plugged into the motherboard to interface and connect with other computers.  NIC card has a MAC address on it, and has 32- bit unique identifier number.  2- protocol: TCP/IP: controls how data and information is shared between computers.