CIS 505 Exam 1 Notes Study Guide

CIS 505 Exam 1 Notes Study Guide
How do signify a real in SML?
12.0, 3e~2, 3,14e12
How do you signify a character in SML?
#"x", #"A", #\n"
Brainpower
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How do you concatenate two strings in SML?
Using the ^ operator
i.e. "abra" ^ "cadabra" = "abracadabra"
What operators can you not use on reals?
=, <>
Can < and > be used on strings?
Yes, and it means lexicographically precedes. It returns a bool
i.e. "a" < "b", "abc" < "acb"
What are the 3 boolean operators?
not, andalso, orelse
SML has what two types of typing?
Static and Strong
How to cast as a real in SML?
real(11) = 11.0
How to round down, round up, round generally, and truncate?
floor(5.4) = 5
ceiling(5.4) = 6
round(5.5) = 6
trunc(~5.4) = ~5
How to go from character to int? Vice-versa?
ord(#"0") = 48
chr(48) = #"0"
What is a tuple?
A fixed-size ordered collection of two or more values. Always same length, sometimes
different types
Ex: (1, "a", true)
(4, (1,"a",true))
What is a list?
A list is a list of all the same type. Always same type, sometimes different length
What are the return types of these list operations?
Empty List []
Head hd
Tail tl
Append @
cons ::
'a list
'a list→'a
'a list→'a list
'a list*'a list→'a list
'a*'a list→'a list
What do explode and implode to?
Explode takes a string and converts it into a list of characters
Implode takes a list of characters and makes it a string
Fill in the blanks:
SML is a(n) __________________-based (________________) language with
___________, ____________ typing
SML is an expression-based(functional) language with strong, static typing.
Write a basic function that takes in a number and adds one
fun inc(x) = x+1;
What does tl return?
All the elements of the list except the first one
Write a function that uses the a function and a number as its parameters. It is supposed
to add the number and one to the function
fun do_fun(f,x) = f(x) + x + 1;
val a = 2;
val a = 2 : int
fun myfun x = x + a;
val myfun = fn : int -> int
val a = 4
val a = 4 : int
What is a if myfun is called?
2
What is the difference between
fn:int−>int−>int−>int
fn: (int−>int)−>(int−>int)
The first one takes an argument of type in and returns an int−>int−>int
The second one takes an argument of type (int−>int) and returns an (int−>int)
What is 'a?
A type variable; essentially a place holder where we can fill in any type
Using a list, write a recursive function that adds all the elements together.

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