CLEP American Government 2026 Test With Solution

CLEP American Government 2026 Test With Solution

CLEP American Government 2026

Test With Solution

Barron v Baltimore, 1833ANSWER determind that Bill of Rights applied to the Fed govt

and did not bind state govts, confirmed dual citizenship (citizens of both fed govt and

state they reside in)

federalismANSWER practiced in US, system of govt that divides govt responsibilities

between state and fed govts

layer-cake federalismANSWER implies that the powers of the central and state govts are

separate but overlapping

dual federalismANSWER idea that national and state govts are sovereign in their own

distinct spheres, clear distinctions between govts

cooperative federalismANSWER also known as marble-cake federalism, emphasizes

responsibilities of state govts and the fed govt overlap, shared responsibilities

commerce clauseANSWER Article 1, Sec 2, fed courts use to enhance power of national

govt, Congress has power to regulate commerce that takes place between States

equal protection clauseANSWER 14th Amendment, strike down segregationist laws

de jure segregationANSWER segregation as a matter of law

de facto segregationANSWER segregation resulting from the fact that people of different

colors lived in different areas and therefore went to different schools

categorical grantsANSWER grants to fund specific projects

block grantsANSWER federal grants with fewer strings attached, states prefer these to

categorical grants

unfunded mandateANSWER fed govt instructs a state to meet certain requirements

without providing funding, for example the Real ID Act of 2005

devolutionANSWER shifting of power

Article IIIANSWER Constitution, federal court system

solicitor generalANSWER presidential appointee within the Justice Dept who argues on

the government's behalf

writ of certiorariANSWER first step in a case being heard by the Supreme Court, calls for

lower court to send records related to the case

remandedANSWER the case is sent back to a lower court for retrial

opinion per curiamANSWER an unsigned opinion