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CLEP Biology Study Guide ( 2026/2027 Update) Questions and Answers
CLEP Biology Study Guide ( 2026/
2026 Update) Questions and
Answers
Q: Osmosis
Answer:
passive transport of water diffusion where water seeks to have both solute concentrations across
a membrane to be equal (isotonic). water wants to dilute the higher solute concentration by
moving from low to high areas.
Q: Facilitated Diffusion
Answer:
specialized proteins embeded in cell membrane permit passage of substances of a particular
shape and size
Q: Lysosome
Answer:
stores enzymes (proteins)
digests macromolecules and cell waste
Q: 2 things that only plant organelles have that animals don't
Answer:
chloroplasts - site of photosynthesis
cell wall
Q: Prokaryotes
Answer:
cell without organelles or nucleus (bacteria, pathogens)
reproduce by fission (parent cell divide into 2 offspring cells)
a sexual
all offspring genetically the same
Q: Eukaryotes
Answer:
cells that contain organelles
Q: Enzymes
Answer:
proteins that act on a substrate
-catalysts are used to speed up reaction
-destroyed at high temp or a pH that is too high/low
Q: Gilbert Lewis dot structure
Answer:
diagrams that show bonding between atoms of molecule (atoms bond to make molecule)
Q: Ionic bond
Answer:
don't share, donate, or accept electrons
Q: Cohesion
Answer:
attraction between two LIKE molecules
Q: Adhesion
Answer:
attraction between two DIFFERENT molecules
Q: Capillary Action
Answer:
ability for water to defy gravity
-like water sticking to glass
Q: Henry Cavendish
Answer:
discovered hydrogen
Q: William Prout
Answer:
discovered chemical composition of pure urea (urine)
-food must contain fat,carb,protein
Q: Where do plants store glucose
Answer:
starch
Q: Carbs
Answer:
mono/di/poly saccharides
cellulose and chitin
starch and glycogen
Q: Lipids
Answer:
fats, phospholipids, steroids
Q: Robert Hooke
Answer:
discovered cells using microscope
Q: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer:
synthesize and release proteins for a cell and is connected to nucleus
Q: Smooth ER
Answer:
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