CNA 101 Diabetes Mellitus Exam 3 Questions and Answers- North Seattle Community College

CNA 101 Diabetes Mellitus Exam 3 Questions and Answers- North Seattle Community College

A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus who asks, "Why is it necessary to maintain my blood glucose
levels no lower than about 60 mg/dL?" How should the nurse respond?
a."Glucose is the only fuel used by the body to produce the energy that it needs."
b."Your brain needs a constant supply of glucose because it cannot store it."
c."Without a minimum level of glucose, your body does not make red blood cells."
d."Glucose in the blood prevents the formation of lactic acid and prevents acidosis."
ANS: B
Because the brain cannot synthesize or store significant amounts of glucose, a continuous supply from the
body's circulation is needed to meet the fuel demands of the central nervous system. The nurse would want to
educate the client to prevent hypoglycemia. The body can use other sources of fuel, including fat and protein,
and glucose is not involved in the production of red blood cells. Glucose in the blood will encourage glucose
metabolism but is not directly responsible for lactic acid formation.
A nurse reviews laboratory results for a client with diabetes mellitus who presents with polyuria, lethargy, and a
blood glucose of 560 mg/dL. Which laboratory result should the nurse correlate with the client's polyuria?

a.Serum sodium: 163 mEq/L
b.Serum creatinine: 1.6 mg/dL
c.Presence of urine ketone bodies
d.Serum osmolarity: 375 mOsm/kg
ANS: D
Hyperglycemia causes hyperosmolarity of extracellular fluid. This leads to polyuria from an osmotic diuresis.
The client's serum osmolarity is high. The client's sodium would be expected to be high owing to dehydration.
Serum creatinine and urine ketone bodies are not related to the polyuria.
After teaching a young adult client who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the nurse assesses the
client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the need for eye
examinations?
a."At my age, I should continue seeing the ophthalmologist as I usually do."
b."I will see the eye doctor when I have a vision problem and yearly after age 40."
c."My vision will change quickly. I should see the ophthalmologist twice a year."
d."Diabetes can cause blindness, so I should see the ophthalmologist yearly."

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