COMPLETE TEST BANK - th Edition Test bank Neuroscientific Basis and ...

COMPLETE TEST BANK

Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology 5 th Edition Test bank Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications TESTBANK/STUDY GUIDE

Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications TESTBANK/STUDY GUIDE

Chapter 1 Chemical neurotransmission

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• A patient with depression mentions to the nurse, My mother says depression is

a chemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the theory that depression primarily involves which of the following neurotransmitters?

• Cortisol and GABA
• COMT and glutamate
• Monamine and glycine
• Serotonin and norepinephrine

ANS: D

One possible cause of depression is thought to involve one or more neurotransmitters.Serotonin and norepinephrine have been found to be important in the regulation of depression. There is no research to support that the other options play a significant role in the development of depression.

• A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that has resulted

in damage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to reinforce this diagnosis?

• Observing the patient pick up a spoon
• Asking the patient to recite the alphabet
• Monitoring the patients blood pressure
• Comparing the patients grip strength in both hands

ANS: B

Accidents or strokes that damage Brocas area may result in the inability to speak (i.e., motor aphasia). Fine motor skills, blood pressure control, and muscle strength are not controlled by the Broca area of the left frontal lobe.

• The patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks why psychotropic medications

are always prescribed by the doctor. The nurses answer will be based on information that the therapeutic action of psychotropic drugs is the result of their effect on:

• The temporal lobe; especially Wernickes area
• Dendrites and their ability to transmit electrical impulses
• The regulation of neurotransmitters especially dopamine
• The peripheral nervous system sensitivity to the psychotropic medications

ANS: C

Medications used to treat psychiatric disorders operate in and around the synaptic cleft and have action at the neurotransmitter level, especially in the case of schizophrenia, on dopamine. The Wernickes area, dendrite function, or the sensitivity of the peripheral nervous system are not relevant to either schizophrenia or psychotropic medications.

• A student nurse mutters that it seems entirely unnecessary to have to struggle

with understanding the anatomy and physiology of the neurologic system. The mentor

would base a response on the understanding that it is:

• Necessary but generally for psychiatric nurses who focus primarily on

behavioral interventions

• A complex undertaking that advance practice psychiatric nurses frequently use

in their practice

• Important primarily for the nursing assessment of patients with brain

traumacaused cognitive symptoms

• Necessary for planning psychiatric care for all patients especially those

experiencing psychiatric disorders

ANS: D

Nurses must understand that many symptoms of psychiatric disorders have a neurologic basis, although the symptoms are manifested behaviorally. This understanding facilitates effective care planning. The foundation of knowledge is not used exclusively by advanced practice psychiatric nurses nor is it relevant for only behavior therapies or brain trauma since dealing with the results of normal and abnormal brain function is a responsibility of all nurses providing all types of care to the psychiatric patient.

• A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused by her

chronic depression? Which response is supported by research data?

• Too much stress has been proven to cause all kinds of cancer.
• There have been no research studies done on stress and disease yet.
• Stress does cause the release of factors that suppress the immune system.
• There appears to be little connection between stress and diseases of the body

ANS: C

Research indicates that stress causes a release of corticotropin-releasing factors that suppress the immune system. Studies indicate that psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders are sometimes associated with decreased functioning of the immune system.Research does not support a connection between many cancers and stress. There is a significant amount of research about stress and the body. Research has shown that there are some connections between stress and physical disease.

• A patient who has a parietal lobe injury is being evaluated for psychiatric

rehabilitation needs. Of the aspects of functioning listed, which will the nurse identify as a focus of nursing intervention?

• Expression of emotion
• Detecting auditory stimuli
• Receiving visual images
• Processing associations

ANS: D

The parietal lobe is responsible for associating and processing sensory information that allows for functions such as following directions on a map, reading a clock, dressing self, keeping appointments, and distinguishing right from left. Emotional