CRN GERIATRICS FINAL EXAM QNS & ANS MODULE 3 2026/2027 (6pages)

1. What are the four main components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)? - The four main components of a CGA are: medical history, physical examination, functional assessment, and mental status evaluation. 2. What is the difference between delirium and dementia? - Delirium is an acute and reversible state of confusion, often caused by infections, medications, or metabolic disturbances. Dementia is a chronic and progressive decline in cognitive function, often due to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or vascular dementia. 3. What are some common risk factors for falls in older adults? - Some common risk factors for falls in older adults are: impaired vision, hearing, or balance; muscle weakness or gait problems; polypharmacy or inappropriate use of medications; environmental hazards such as poor lighting, slippery floors, or loose rugs; and orthostatic hypotension or postural changes in blood pressure. 4. What are some strategies to prevent pressure ulcers in older adults? - Some strategies to prevent pressure ulcers in older adults are: regular skin inspection and care; frequent repositioning and use of pressure-relieving devices; adequate hydration and nutrition; management of incontinence and moisture; and treatment of underlying conditions that impair wound healing. 5. What are some common causes of urinary incontinence in older adults? - Some common causes of urinary incontinence in older adults are: urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or tumors; overactive bladder or detrusor instability; stress incontinence due to pelvic floor weakness or urethral sphincter dysfunction; overflow incontinence due to bladder outlet obstruction or impaired bladder contractility; functional incontinence due to cognitive impairment, mobility limitations, or environmental barriers.