DAVIS ADVANTAGE FOR UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 7TH EDITION CHAPTER 6 & 7

DAVIS ADVANTAGE FOR UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL SURGICALNURSING 7TH EDITION CHAPTER 6 & 7 
Chapter 6 Nursing Care of Patients with Fluid, Electrolytes, andAcid–Base Imbalances
An older adult with gastroenteritis is disoriented and weak and has the followinglaboratory test results: Hct 56% (normal 40% to 51%) BUN 32 mg/dL (normal 6mg/dLto 20 mg/dL) Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse select for this patient?
a. Risk for injury
b. Excess fluid volume
c. Deficient fluid volume
d. Impaired skin integrity
c. Deficient fluid volume
A patient with hypertension is placed on a low-sodium diet. The nurse recognizes that
further teaching is necessary if the patient chooses which menu?
a. Pork chop, steamed brown rice, and fruit cocktail
b. Broiled salmon, mashed sweet potato, broccoli, and pumpkin pie
c. Tomato soup, grilled cheese sandwich, salad, and chocolate chip cookie
d. Grilled chicken, boiled potatoes, frozen green beans, and gelatin dessert
c. Tomato soup, grilled cheese sandwich, salad, and chocolate chip cookie
An older adult patient has an IV infusion of 0.45% normal saline infusing at 150mL/hr. Which assessment finding should cause the nurse to be most concerned?
a. Tenderness at the IV site
b. Capillary refill is <3 seconds
c. Urine specific gravity is 1.018
d. Newly noted crackles in the lungs
d. Newly noted crackles in the lungs
A patient with a history of renal failure is admitted to the hospital because of decreasingurine output and a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse teachthepatient to avoid?
a. Gelatin
b. Potatoes
c. Zucchini
d. White bread
b. Potatoes
A patient is diagnosed with an abnormal potassium level. Which complication shouldthenurse assess for in this patient?
a. Cardiac arrest
b. Fluid overload
c. Internal bleeding
d. Tetany with laryngospasm
a. Cardiac arrest
A 22-year-old patient with inflammatory bowel disease has been having 16 or morestools per day. Which symptom should the nurse expect to find during the assessment?a. Dyspnea and crackles in the lungs
b. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
c. Bounding pulse and increased blood pressure
d. Furrows of the tongue and sticky mucous membranes
d. Furrows of the tongue and sticky mucous membranes
A patient with severe diarrhea has a potassium imbalance. Which symptoms shouldthenurse expect the patient to demonstration because of this imbalance?
a. Shallow respirations, lethargy, nausea
b. Pitting edema, confusion, bounding pulse
c. Apathy, weakness, positive Chvostek's sign
d. Kussmaul's breathing, thirst, furrowed tongue
a. Shallow respirations, lethargy, nausea
A patient is prescribed an electrolyte replacement. How should the nurse explainthepurpose of an electrolyte to the patient?
a. Any substance that enhances a chemical reaction
b. A chemical that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water
c. A substance that uses electrical current to attach to receptor sites
d. A substance secreted by a gland and carries messages to target tissues
b. A chemical that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water
A student nurse is reviewing the use of intravenous (IV) fluids for a school paper. Whichdefinition should the student use to explain the process of diffusion?
a. The expenditure of energy to transport a solute
b. The movement of solute and water caused by hydro static pressure differences
c. Movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser
concentration
d. Movement of water from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher
concentration
c. Movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lesser
concentration
The nurse is preparing to provide a patient with an IV fluid that has a lower osmolaritythan blood. Which type of fluid should the nurse document that the patient is goingtoreceive?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Hydrophobic
b. Hypotonic
The nurse is concerned that a patient has a high volume of insensible water loss. What isthe patient experiencing that is causing the nurse this concern?
a. Diarrhea
b. Vomiting
c. Urination
d. Perspiration
d. Perspiration

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