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1. Anna is a 15-year-old girl who has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
She has a distorted body image and believes that she is overweight, even
though she is severely underweight. She restricts her food intake and
exercises excessively. Her parents are worried about her health and want her
to seek professional help. According to the biopsychosocial model of
anorexia nervosa, which of the following factors are likely to contribute to
Anna's condition?
a) Genetic predisposition, peer pressure, and perfectionism
b) Hormonal imbalance, family conflict, and low self-esteem
c) Neurotransmitter dysfunction, media influence, and cognitive distortion
d) *All of the above*
Rationale: The biopsychosocial model of anorexia nervosa suggests that
biological, psychological, and social factors interact to cause and maintain
the disorder. Anna may have a genetic vulnerability to developing anorexia
nervosa, as well as hormonal and neurotransmitter imbalances that affect her
appetite and mood. She may also face psychological challenges such as peer
pressure, media influence, family conflict, perfectionism, low self-esteem,
and cognitive distortion that influence her body image and eating behavior.
2. Ben is a 16-year-old boy who has been experiencing mood swings,
irritability, and loss of interest in his usual activities for the past few
months. He often feels hopeless and worthless, and has trouble sleeping and
concentrating. He sometimes thinks about harming himself or ending his
life. Ben is most likely suffering from:
a) *Major depressive disorder*
b) Bipolar disorder
c) Oppositional defiant disorder
d) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Rationale: Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent and
pervasive feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness that interfere with
daily functioning. Ben's symptoms match the diagnostic criteria for major
depressive disorder, which include depressed mood, loss of interest or
pleasure, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor
agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness
or guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, and recurrent thoughts ofÂ
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