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1. What is the primary etiological factor for periodontal disease?
 A. Genetic predisposition
 B. Poor oral hygiene
 C. Systemic diseases
 D. Medication side effects
 Answer: B. Poor oral hygiene is considered the primary cause of
periodontal disease because it leads to plaque accumulation, which can
result in gingivitis and, if untreated, progress to periodontitis.
2. Which of the following is a common sign of periodontitis?
 A. Tooth discoloration
 B. Gingival recession
 C. Increased saliva flow
 D. Enamel hypoplasia
 Answer: B. Gingival recession is a common sign of periodontitis and
indicates the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue.
3. During the assessment of a patient with suspected periodontal disease,
which diagnostic test is essential?
 A. Full mouth radiographs
 B. Pulp vitality tests
 C. Occlusal analysis
 D. Saliva testing
 Answer: A. Full mouth radiographs are essential in the assessment of
periodontal disease as they provide information on bone levels and help in
the diagnosis of periodontitis.
4. What is the role of scaling and root planing in the treatment of
periodontal disease?
 A. To restore tooth color
 B. To reduce periodontal pockets
 C. To replace lost teeth
 D. To correct malocclusion
 Answer: B. Scaling and root planing are non-surgical procedures aimed
at removing plaque and calculus from periodontal pockets, thereby
reducing their depth.
5. Which systemic condition is known to exacerbate periodontal disease?
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