Diabetes - Final Exam 2026/2027 Questions and Answers (Complete And Verified Study material) (6pages) LEARNEXAMS

Diabetes - answer____ is the impaired ability to move glucose into cells that lead to elevated blood sugar A1C>7, FBS >126 and random blood sugar ?200 - answerHow is Diabetes diagnosed? Macro and Microvascular due to endothelial cells dysfunction - answerWhat types of changes occur with elevated blood sugar? Coronary Artery Dz, Cerebrovascular Dz, Peripheral Artery Dz - answerWhat are the macrovascular complications in Diabetes? Diabetic Retinopathy/Neuropathy/Nephropathy - answerWhat are the microvascular complications in Diabetes? Coronary Artery Dz - answerIn this MACROvascular DM change in which the larger vessels that profuse the heart are vulnerable for endothelial damage combined with HTN, hyperlipid and increased plaque formation Cerebrovascular Dz - answerIn this MACROvascular DM can occur in large vessels leading to the brain and is the LEADING risk factor for stroke and TIA peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - answerIn this MACROvascular DM change occur in the large vessels of the leg (below calf and into toes) and leads to insufficient blood flow to the legs resulting in caludication, hair loss, shiny skin, NON healing wounds to the feel and possible amputation NAFLD, DKA and Diabetic Gastroparesis - answerWhat are some NON vascular complications caused by DM? proliferative (VEGF production/Hemes) and non-proliferative (CWS/Aneurysm/Hemes/Hard exudates) and Mac Edema - answerWhat are the 2 types of DR? Diabetic Retinopathy - answerWhat is the leading cause of blindness? Diabetic Neuropathy - answerIn this MICROvascular change the nerves blood supply becomes damaged and the nerve malfunction causes PAIN and increased risk for injuries to feet/hands Stocking Glove - answerDiabetic Neuropathy can cause ___ ___ dyndrome in which is pain and loss of sensation in the hands and feet Diabetic Nephropathy - answerIn this MICROvascular DM change there is progressive damage to the kidney in the form of Proteinuria, decrease function and eventually failure Beta - answer____ cells in the pancrease sense what youre about to eat Autoimmune - answerType 1 Dm is an ____ condition in which their is destruction of beta cells in pancrease and NO or LITTLE insulin is produced producing more insulin - answerType 2 Dm is when the beta cells produced insulin but cant send the message to place glucose into cells so the pancreas responds by ____ Southeastern Asian and children along with obese adults - answerPatients of _____ heritage and ____ are are risk for Type 2 DM Polyruia/Polydipsia, fatigue, vaginal yeast infections - answerWhat are some elevated blood sugar signs/symptoms? True - answerT/F: Type 1 DM is almost always in a child DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) - answerType 1 DM presents symptomatically with ____ that is fatal within hours More of an acute presentation: Healthy child that suddenly becomes ill Finger stick blood glucose is quickest/cheapest (Random greater than 200 and FBS greater than 126); A1C (>7) and oral glucose tolerance test (least common) - answerHow to diagnose DM? Under 100; 100-125 and >126 - answerFBS