Dialysis Acute Kidney Infection and Chronic Kidney Disease

Dialysis (Acute Kidney Infection and Chronic Kidney Disease)
The patient with CKD is receiving dialysis, and the nurse observes excoriations on the
patient's skin. What pathophysiologic changes in CKD can contribute to this finding
(select all that apply)?
a. Dry skin
b. Sensory neuropathy
c. Vascular calcifications
d. Calcium-phosphate skin deposits
e. Uremic crystallization from high BUN
Pruritus is common in patients receiving dialysis. It causes scratching from dry skin,
sensory neuropathy, and calcium-phosphate deposition in the skin. Vascular
calcifications contribute to cardiovascular disease, not to itching skin. Uremic frost rarely
occurs without BUN levels greater than 200 mg/dL, which should not occur in a patient
on dialysis; urea crystallizes on the skin and also causes pruritis.
What accurately describes the care of the patient with CKD?
a. A nutrient that is commonly supplemented for the patient on dialysis because it is
dialyzable is iron.
b. The syndrome that includes all of the signs and symptoms seen in the various body
systems in CKD is azotemia.
c. The use of morphine is contraindicated in the patient with CKD because accumulation
of its metabolites may cause seizures.
d. The use of calcium-based phosphate binders in the patient with CKD is
contraindicated when serum calcium levels are increased.
In the patient with CKD, when serum calcium levels are increased, calcium-based
phosphate binders are not used. The nutrient supplemented for patients on dialysis is
folic acid. The various body system manifestations occur with uremia, which includes
azotemia. Meperidine is contraindicated in patients with CKD related to possible
seizures.
The patient with chronic kidney disease is considering whether to use peritoneal dialysis
(PD) or hemodialysis (HD). What are advantages of PD when compared to HD (select
all that apply)?
a. Less protein loss
b. Rapid fluid removal
c. Less cardiovascular stress
d. Decreased hyperlipidemia
e. Requires fewer dietary restrictions

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