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1. A 45-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus
and hypertension is admitted to the hospital with a diabetic
foot ulcer. He is prescribed a low-sodium, low-fat, highfiber diet. Which of the following foods should he avoid?
a) Whole wheat bread
b) Fresh fruits and vegetables
c) Lean meat and fish
d) Canned soup and cheese*
Rationale: Canned soup and cheese are high in sodium and
fat, which can worsen hypertension and increase the risk of
cardiovascular complications.
2. A 65-year-old female patient with chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and anemia is undergoing hemodialysis
three times a week. She is advised to follow a renal diet
that restricts protein, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium
intake. Which of the following foods should she limit?
a) Eggs and dairy products*
b) Rice and pasta
c) Bread and cereals
d) Apples and grapes
Rationale: Eggs and dairy products are high in protein,
which can increase the workload of the kidneys and cause
uremia. They are also high in phosphorus, which can cause
hyperphosphatemia and bone loss.
3. A 25-year-old female patient with celiac disease is
experiencing abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, andÂ
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