EXAM 2 ACUTE CARE EXAM REVIEW 2026/2027 (29pages)

A patient develops acute diarrhea and then comes to clinic two weeks later reporting profuse watery, bloody diarrheal stools 6 to 8 times daily. The provider notes a toxic appearance with moderate dehydration. Which test is indicated to diagnose this cause? Stool collection for 24-hour stool pH Qualitative and quantitative fecal fat C. difficile toxin Wright stain of stool for white blood cells - C. difficile toxin A patient reports anal pruritis and occasional bleeding with defecation. An examination of the perianal area reveals external hemorrhoids around the anal orifice as the patient is bearing down. The provider orders a colonoscopy to further evaluate this patient. What is the treatment for this patient's symptoms? Referral for possible surgical intervention A high-fiber diet and increased fluid intake Daily laxatives to prevent straining with stools Infiltration of a local anesthetic into the hemorrhoid - A high-fiber diet and increased fluid intake A patient has sudden onset of right upper quadrant and epigastric abdominal pain with fever, nausea, and vomiting. The emergency department provider notes yellowing of the sclerae. What is the probable cause of these findings? Acute acalculous cholecystitis Infectious cholecystitis Common bile duct obstruction Chronic cholelithiasis - Common bile duct obstruction An 83 year old is diagnosed with diverticulitis. The most common complaint is Rectal bleeding Bloating and crampiness Left lower quadrant pain Frequent belching and flatulence - Left lower quadrant pain A patient's CBC demonstrated anemia. Which diagnosis is likely based on this patient's laboratory values? MCV 74.1 fL (normal 80-95) MCH 24 pg (normal 27-31) MCHC 33% (normal 32-69) RDW 12% (normal 11-14.5) iron deficiency anemia anemia of chronic disease vitamin B12 deficiency anemia thalassemia - thalassemia A patient has fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. An ultrasound is negative for gallstones. Which action is necessary to treat this patient's symptoms? Hospitalization for emergent treatment Empiric treatment with antibiotics Supportive care with close follow-up Prescribing ursodeoxycholic acid - Hospitalization for emergent treatment A patient has both occasional "coffee ground" emesis and melena stools. What is the most probably source of bleeding in this patient? Upper GI Hepatic Lower GI Rectal - Upper GI An adult patient has intermittent, crampy abdominal pain with vomiting. The provider notes marked abdominal distention and hyperactive bowel sounds. What will the provider do initially? Prescribe an antiemetic and recommend a clear liquid diet for 24 hours Obtain upright and supine radiologic views of the abdomen Schedule the patient for a barium swallow and enema Admit the patient to the hospital for consultation with a surgeon - Obtain upright and supine radiologic views of the abdomen What choice below is most commonly associated with pancreatitis? Appendicitis and renal stones Hypertriglyceridemia and cholecystitis Gallstones and alcohol abuse Viral infection and cholecystitis - Gallstones and alcohol abuse What medication may be used to treat GERD if a patient has tried over the counter ranitidine without benefit? Prescription strength ranitidine Calcium carbonate Prescription strength ranitidine Pantoprazole - Pantoprazole A 30-year-old woman has right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which diagnostic test will the provider order? Abdominal ultrasound MRI of the abdomen