Exam 2: NUR257/ NUR 257 2026/2027 Update Aging and Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam Review - Galen

Exam 2: NUR257/ NUR 257 ( 2026/2027 Update) Aging and Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam Review - Galen

Exam 2: NUR257/ NUR 257 ( 2026/

2026 Update) Aging and Chronic Illness in

Nursing Exam Review - Galen

Q: Examples of pharmacodynamics in older adult

Answer:

1.dec response to beta adrenergic receptor stimulators & blockers,

2.dec baroreceptor sensitivity

3.inc sensitivity to meds

Q: what are some meds that are sensitive in the older adult

Answer:

anticho, benzos, narcotics, warfarin,

cardiac drugs: diltiazem/verapamil

Q: describe chronopharmacology

Answer:

1.relationship between pharmacokinetics/dy- namics

2.cortisone tablet in AM (medrol dose pack) may have little-no effect on adrenocor- tical system

3.if same dose taken in divided amounts over day, unwanted effects may suppress hormonal

activities stemming from hypothalamus pituitary-adrenal axis

Q: define polypharmacy

Answer:

1.multiple meds for same problem, common & source of potential morbidity/mortality

2.Gnjidic- 5+ meds were taken for each additional med there was inc risk for frailty, disability,

death, falls

Q: drug interactions meaning

Answer:

two or more meds/foods taken together/close together, they may cause change in effectiveness

of the other

Q: drug herb interactions

Answer:

popularity of medicinal herbs & other dietary supple- ments inc & so does risk of interactions

with prescribed meds

Q: example of drug-herb interaction:

herbs that affect anticoagulant therapy

Answer:

1.echinacea

2.garlic

3.gingko

4.ginseng

5.green tea

Q: drug-food interactions

Answer:

many foods interact with meds producing inc/dec/vari- able effects such as inhibiting absorption

Q: interaction of drug/med:

fiber & digoxin?

Answer:

absorption of drug into fiber, reducing drug reaction

Q: interaction of drug/med:

foods with vitamin K & warfarin?

Answer:

decreased effect of drug

Q: interaction of drug/med:

any food & many abx

Answer:

reduced absorption rate of drug

Q: interaction of drug/med:

vitamin B6 supplements & levodopa-carbidopa?

Answer:

reversed antiparkinsonian ef- fect

Q: interaction of drug/med:

grapefruit juice & multiple meds?

Answer:

altered metabolism/elimination can inc con- centration of drug

Q: interaction of drug/med:

citrus juice & calcium channel blockers?

Answer:

gastric reflux exacerbated

Q: drug-drug interactions

Answer:

polypharmacy may be necessary part of healthcare in later life significantly inc risk for &

frequency of interactions

Q: example of drug-drug interactions?

Answer:

1.ACEi/K-sparing diuretics

2.ACEi & ARBs & Septra

3.cipro & CCB/digoxin

4.warfarin & any abx/NSAIDs

Q: adverse drug reactions

Answer:

1.minor annoyance to unwanted pharm effects &

death

2.common in those 65+

3.in older adults: drug-induced delirium, confusion, lethargy

Q: examples of meds that can easily impair cognitive function in older adultsAnswer:

1.analgesics, anticho, antihistamines, antiparkinsonian

2.benzos, beta blockers, lanoxin

Q: misuse of drugs

Answer:

more drugs the more likely misuse will occur;

forms: over/under/erratic/contraindicated use