EXAM 3 CNA - Ch 47 - Developmental Disabilities

EXAM 3 CNA - Ch 47 - Developmental Disabilities Students also studied Science MedicinePediatrics Save Practice Questions CNA State Exam...130 terms ohsoluvly2Preview CNA chapter 39 - Caring for People ...23 terms StudentTiffany Preview CNA Care of Older Person Review ...23 terms lucianalvaPreview MEDIC 127 term alex birth defectabnormality present at birth that involves a body structure or function developmental disability (DD)disability occurring before 22 years of age diplegiasimilar body parts are affected on both sides of body intellectual disabilityinvolves severe limits in intellectual function and adaptive behavior occurring before age 18 spasticuncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles ADAAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990

CPcerebral palsy; involving muscle weakness or poor muscle control (palsy) with the defect in the motor region of the brain (cerebral) abnormal movements, posture, and coordination due to brain damage before, during or within a few ears after birth, usually due to lack of oxygen to the brain, or improper development of the brain athetoid- "not fixed", can not control movements spastic hemiplegia- arm and leg on one side paralyzed diplegia - similar body parts are affected on both sides of body (e.g., both arms or both legs) quadraplegia-both arms, both legs, and trunk and neck muscles are paralyzed

Other possible impairments:

intellectual & learning disabilities, hearing, vision, and speech impairments, drooling, bladder and bowel control problems, seizures, difficulty swallowing, ADHD, breathing problems from poor posture, pressure ulcers from immobility DSdown's syndrome extra 21st chromosome present out of 23 from both male and female (normal is 46 total); fertilized cell has 47 chromosomes

common problems:

heart defects & thyroid problems hearing & vision problems overweight risk for ear and respiratory problems risk for leukemia dementia may appear in adults FXSfragile X syndrome, inherited, girls milder symptoms most common form of inherited intellectual disabilities change in gene that makes a protein needed for brain development, body makes little or none of the protein

common problems:

physical-long ears, faces, jaws; loose and flexible joints allowing extension of elbow, thumb, and knee learning social & emotional speech & language sensory IQintelligence quotient

SBspina bifida; defect of spinal column, occurs during the first month of pregnancy vertebrae do not form properly, leaving a split int eh vertebrae with the spinal cord unprotected (membrane covering spinal cord)

resulting in:

nerve damage, affected body parts do not fn properly, possible paralysis, common bowel and bladder problems, infection is a threat hydrocephalus often occurs with SB spina=backbone bifid=split into two parts spina bifida occulta - occult=hidden vertebrae closed, defect is hidden, sc and nerves are normal, dimple or tuft of hair on back, often no symptoms, foot weakness and bowel/bladder problems can occur spina bifida cystica - cystica=pouch or sac part of spinal column is in the pouch or sac, membrane or thin layer of skin covers sac, looks like a large blister, sac easily injured, infection is a risk

two types:

meningocele - meningo=membrane, cele=hernia or swelling, myelomeningocele - myelo=spinal cord autismsigns of delayed developments are seen at about 18 months of age; brain disorder with no cure

problems with:

social skills, verbal and non-verbal communication, repetitive behaviors and routines and narrow interests

therapies:

behavior modification, speech & language therapy, music therapy, auditory therapy, sensory therapy, physical and occupational therapy, drug therapy, dit therapy, communication therapy, recreation therapy hydrocephaluscerebrospinal fluid collects in and around the brain enlarged head increased pressure in head without tx, intellectual disability & neurological damage possible problems with vision, seizures, and learning disability tx - shunt in brain to drain cerebrospinal fuid

Alzheimer's Stages (1-7)Stage 1 - No Impairment Stage 2 - Very Mild Cognitive Decline Stage 3 - Mild Cognitive Decline Stage 4 - Moderate Cognitive Decline (Mild/Early Stage) Stage 5 - Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline (moderate or midstage) Stage 6 - Severe Cognitive Decline (moderately severe or midstage) Stage 7 - Very Severe Cognitive Decline (severe or late stage) Mild AD (Stages 1-4) Gradual short term memory loss Personality changes/ indifference Disoriented/poor judgment Anxious/agitated Unable to concentrate Moderate AD (Stage 5-6) Increased memory loss Incontinence Problems with mobility Help with ADL"s Agitation/restlessness Repetitive behavior Severe AD (Stage 6-7) Seizures/aphasia Totally disoriented Swallowing/chewing problems Immobility/Coma/Death