FREE ANATOMY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT BIO202 EXAM

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FREE ANATOMY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT BIO202 EXAM

QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -45 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: explain the process and purpose of tubular secretion

Answer:

most active in PCT some in collect duc & DCT. REABSORB IN REVERSE; disposes of unwanted solutes (not already in filtrate)urea uric acid, eliminates solutes that were reabsorbed & rids body of exs K (PCT mainly)& controls PH Question 2: explain how peritubular capillaries are adapted for recieving reabsorbed substances

Answer:

Arise from efferent arteriole of the glomerulus Normal, low pressure capillaries adapted for absorption instead of filtration Cling close to the renal tubule to reabsorb (reclaim) some substances from collecting tubes,W/ aquaporins, Question 3: excessive hemoglobin in urine pathological; hemolytic anemia, transfustion reaction nonpathological; sever burn

Answer:

Hemoglobinuria

Question 4: Tubular reabsorption

Answer:

of glucose and many other substances is a Tm limited active transport process Question 5: Describe the physiological role & mechanisms of extrinsic regulation of GFR (neural regulation)

Answer:

NE released by sympathetic NS, E is released by adrenal medulla, afferent arterioles constrict and filteration is inhibited stimulates macula densa cells trips renin angiotensin mechanism

Question 6: portion of the kidney containing the bulk of the nephron structures

Answer:

cortex Question 7: The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body b/c they

Answer:

are derived from and drain into arterioles

Question 8: excessive ketone bodies in urine pathological; diabetes mellitus,

nonpathological;starvation, low carb diet, weight loss diet

Answer:

ketonuria Question 9: excessive (glucose)sugar in diet non pathological or pathologial diabetes mellitus

Answer:

glucosuria Question 10: excessive proteins in urine due to pathological; renal failure, hypertension, renal disease, glomerulnephronitis, Nonpathological ;high protein diet, excess physical exercise, pregnancy

Answer:

proteinuria albumineria

Question 11: If freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochome it has

Answer:

a dark yellow color Question 12: deficiency in aquaporins or ADH receptors, excessive loss of dilute urine causes dehydration

Answer:

Diabetes insipidus Question 13: describe the changes that occur in kidney and bladder anatomy during old age?

Answer:

the kidney atrophy, become incontinent, muscle control less stress incontinence, nephron decrease in sz, narrowing of arterioles from altherosclosis reduces GFR, bladder 1/2 capacity, nocturia night urination effects 2/3 of elderly

Question 14: Filteration at the glomerulus is inversely related to

Answer:

capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 15: describe the mechanisms that contribute to renal auto regulation?

Answer:

Myogenic (muscle contract when stretched)and tubuloglomerular feedback (vasodilate affrnt from change sensed in jux app mediated by macula densa ), they are initiated by & w/in the kidney & allows control of its own (auto) rate of blood flow & GFR Question 16: excessive erythrocytes in urine due to pathological kidney stones, infected neoplasm, bleeding urinary tract nonpathological; trauma to

Answer:

hematuria Question 17: using urinalysis the most significant indicators of disease in urine are?

Answer:

proteins (proteinuria/ albuminuria), glucose (glucosuria), ketone bodies/acetone (ketonuria), erythrocytes (hematuria)hemoglobin (hemoglbinuria), and pus leukocytes(pyruia), bile pigments (bilirubinuria)

Question 18: extrinsic regulation of GFR by renin-angiotension mechanisms explain the ways it alters GFR

Answer:

5 ways:

1) vasocontriction raises MAP 2)Na reabsorbtion 3) ADH released & thirst incr = blood volume increased 4) decr pertubul capillary hydrostatic press = fluid back to PCT 5) mesanglial cells decr surface area & GFR Question 19: substance (heavy metal organic solvent or bacterial toxin) that is toxic to kidney

Answer:

nephrotoxin

Question 20: analysis of urine; aids in diagnosing health or disease

Answer:

urinalysis Question 21: Explain the important differences between blood plasma and renal filtrate and relate differences to the structural membrane?

Answer:

The plasma that is filtered is known as "renal filtrate" and is similar to plasma, except that the circulating globular proteins are too big to be filtered

Question 22: Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

Answer:

Na, K,& amino acids:(sodium, all nutrients, cations, anions & H2O urea, lipid sol solutes & sm proteins:all glucose, lactic & amino acids, 90% HCO3,65%Na &H2O,60% Cl, 55%K bulk of electrolytes, almost all uric acid &later it is secreted back into filtrate

Question 23: most common congenital abnormalties are

Answer:

horse shoe kidney, polycystic kidney & hypospadias

Question 24: Glucose is not normally found in b/c it

Answer:

reabsorbed by the tubule cells