FREE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT LB CHAP 7 EXAM

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QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

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-Guarantee passing score -97 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: Responding tends to be weaker in the _____ links of a chain. This is an example of the _____ effect in which the strength and/or efficiency of responding _____ as the organism approaches the goal

Answer:

earlier; goal gradient; increases Question 2: One suggestion for enhancing our behavior in the early part of a long response chain is to make the completion of each link more _____, thereby enhancing its value as a _____ reinforcer

Answer:

salient; secondary Question 3: A variable ratio schedule typically produces a _____ rate of behavior _____ a postreinforcement pause

Answer:

high; without

Question 4: An FR 1 schedule of reinforcement can also be called a _____ schedule

Answer:

continuous (CRF)

Question 5: drive reduction theory

Answer:

According to this theory, an event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive Question 6: Herrnstein (1966) noted that superstitious behaviors can sometimes develop as a by-product of _____ reinforcement for some other behavior

Answer:

contingent Question 7: When the weather is very cold, you are sometimes unable to start your car. The behavior of starting your car in very cold weather is a(n) _____ schedule of reinforcement

Answer:

intermittent (partial) Question 8: Over a period of months, Aaron changed from complying with each of his mother's requests to complying with every other request, then with every third request, and so on. The mother's behavior of making requests has been subjected to a procedure known as__

Answer:

stretching the ratio Question 9: A very dense schedule of reinforcement can also be referred to as a very _____ schedule

Answer:

rich Question 10: On a(n) _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed number of responses

Answer:

fixed ratio

Question 11: When noncontingent reinforcement happens to follow a particular behavior, that behavior may _____ in strength. Such behavior is referred to as _____ behavior

Answer:

increase; superstitious

Question 12: response deprivation hypothesis

Answer:

The notion that a behavior can serve as reinforcer when: (1) access to the behavior is restricted and (2) its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence Question 13: Within a chain, completion of each of the early links ends in a(n) _____ reinforcer, which also functions as the _____ for the next link of the chain

Answer:

secondary; discriminative stimulus Question 14: In general, _____ schedules produce little or no postreinforcement pausing because such schedules often provide the possibility of relatively _____ reinforcement, even if one has just obtained a reinforcer

Answer:

variable; immediate Question 15: On a _____ reinforcement schedule (abbreviated _____), each response is reinforced, whereas on an _____ reinforcement schedule, only some responses are reinforced.The latter is also called a)n) _____ reinforcement schedule

Answer:

continuous; CRF; intermittent; partial Question 16: Contingencies of reinforcement often _____ the distribution of behavior such that it is _____ to obtain the optimal amount of reinforcement

Answer:

disrupt; impossible Question 17: An efficient way to train a complex chain, especially in animals, is through _____ chaining, in which the _____ link of the chain is trained first.

Answer:

backward; last

Question 18: complex schedule

Answer:

A schedule consisting of a combination of two or more simple schedules Question 19: Every morning at 7:00 a.m. a robin perches outside Marilyn's bedroom window and begins singing. Given that Marilyn very much enjoys the robin's song, this is an example of a _____ 24-hour schedule of reinforcement (abbreviated _____)

Answer:

fixed time; FT 24-hour Question 20: According to drive reduction theory, an event is reinforcing if it is associated with a reduction in some type of _____ drive

Answer:

physiological Question 21: A fixed ratio schedule tends to produce a _____ rate of response, along with a _____

Answer:

high; post-reinforcement pause Question 22: In practicing the slow-motion form of exercise known as tai chi, Tung noticed the more slowly he moved, the more thoroughly his muscles relaxed. This is an example of _____ reinforcement of _____ behavior (abbreviated _____)

Answer:

differential; low rates of; DRL

Question 23: variable duration (VD) schedule

Answer:

A schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon continuous performance of a behavior for a varying, unpredictable period of time

Question 24: Premack principle

Answer:

The notion that a high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior