FREE BIOCHEMISTRY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

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FREE BIOCHEMISTRY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

GLYCOLYSIS RECAP! EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -26 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: ATP contains 3 phosphates, joined to a what?

Answer:

Nucleotide base. Adenine. This consists of a Ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base Question 2: Large amounts of energy are released from ATP making it better than glucose for energy supply. True or false?

Answer:

False. Remember, that the small sustained packets of energy in ATP make it useful for sustained immediate energy supply. Only takes breaking one bond in ATP to release energy, takes several bonds broken in Glucose to release energy.Question 3: Energy is released from ATP by breaking what type of bond, between which components, using what type of reaction?

Answer:

Covalent bond between the 2 terminal phosphates is broken via hydrolysis.

Question 4: NAD+ to NADH is a reduction reaction. True or false.

Answer:

True. NAD+ accepts Hydrogen atoms, and is converted to NADH (AKA reduced NAD) Remember Reduction is GAIN of electrons.Question 5: How many ATP molecules are used during Glycolysis and how many are created?Can you say which stages use and create ATP?

Answer:

• are used (1 - Glucose to Glucose 6- phosphate, 2 - Fructose 6 - phosphate to fructose 1,6

biphosphate)

• are created (2 - 1,3 biphosphogycerate x 2 to 3 phosphoglycerate x2, another 2 phosphoenolpyruvate

to pyruvate x 2).

Question 6: How does exercise affect respiration in humans? How can we tell?

Answer:

O2 - we breath less out because more is required for respiration. CO2 - we breath more out as a waste product of increased respiration. Water vapour - sweat more and breath more out as a waste product of increased respiration/heat loss Question 7: ADP is recombined with inorganic phosphate to produce ATP by what process?

Answer:

Oxidative Phosphorylation.Question 8: NAD+ is an example of a co-enzyme because it:

Answer:

Is required by enzymes, to shuttle a chemical group to help complete a reaction, and is changed in the process. NAD+ shuttles electrons, therefore altering the charge on molecules and allowing them to fully interact, during Glycolysis.

Question 9: ATP is the biological energy molecule. True or false.

Answer:

True.

Question 10: What's the difference between a purine and pyrimidine /base?

Answer:

Purines = 2 x nitrogenous rings fused together. Pyrimidines = 1 nitrogenous ring only. Which one is Adenine?Question 11: What is OIL RIG? What molecule performs these actions in Glycolysis?

Answer:

Oxidation is Loss Reduction is Gain. of electrons.NAD does.

Question 12: What is dephosphorylation? Why is it important in Glycolysis?

Answer:

The removal of a phosphate group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. Energy is released by dephosphorylation to drive Glycolysis- which stages?

Question 13: What is the purpose of Glycolysis? (Definition)

Answer:

A metabolic process that breaks down glucose through a series of reactions to either pyrvate and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP

Question 14: What is the overall reaction of Glycolysis?

Answer:

Glucose + 2NAD+ +2ADP + 2Pi -> 2 Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ +2ATP + 2H2O

Question 15: What is the overall (net) yield of Glycolysis?

• molecule of glucose creates - ? Pyruvate, ? NADH? ATP? H2O?

Answer:

• glucose is converted to 2 pyruvate, 2NADH, 2 ATP and 2H20

Question 16: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP

What does this equation represent?

Answer:

Aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 17: Why does each step require a different enzyme?

Answer:

Because enzymes are highly specialised, substrate specific proteins. Each enzyme has a particular conformation (shape) therefore can only recognise and process the substrate that fits it's active site.

Question 18: How many enzymes catalyse the glycolytic pathway?

Answer:

• 10 steps = 10 enzymes

Question 19: Other than generating ATP, why is Glycolysis needed in biological systems like the human body?

Answer:

To minimize hyperglycemia, clearing glucose from the systemic/ peripheral circulation.Question 20: Match the substrate and reactants/products to the enzyme: ATP Synthase, ATPase, ADP, Pi, ATP, O2, H2O

Answer:

ATP Synthase = ADP+Pi + O2 ATPase= ATP + H2O

Question 21: NADH to NAD+ is an oxidation reaction. True or false?

Answer:

True. NADH loses a Hydrogen atom and is converted to NAD+. (Remember, oxidation is LOSS of electrons.

Question 22: ATP is created from what during respiration?

Answer:

Glucose

Question 23: What is ATP?

Answer:

Adenosine Triphosphate.