FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT AP BIO

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FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT AP BIO

EVOLUTION EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -46 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: speciation

Answer:

An evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species.

Question 2: relative fitness

Answer:

refers to the contribution an organism makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other members. Fitness does not indicate strength or size. It is measured only by reproductive success

Question 3: adaptive radiation

Answer:

are periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological niches.

Question 4: radiometric dating

Answer:

the process of measuring the absolute age of geologic material by measuring the concentrations of radioactive isotopes and their decay products

Question 5: gene pool

Answer:

all of the alleles at all loci in all the mem ers of a population. In diploid species, each individual has 2 alleles for a particular gene, and the individual may be either heterozygous or homozygous.

Question 6: temporal isolation

Answer:

species may breed at different times of day, different seasons, or different years, and this can prevent them from mating. An example of prezygotic barriers.

Question 7: habitat isolation

Answer:

two species that occupy different habitats within the same area may encounter each other rarely, if at all, even though they are not isolated by obvious physical barriers such as mountain ranges. An example of prezygotic barriers.

Question 8: gradualism

Answer:

proposes that species descended from a common ancestor and gradually diverge more and more in morphology as they acquire unique adaptations.

Question 9: convergent evolution

Answer:

where unrelated organisms evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments

Question 10: mutations

Answer:

the only source of new genes and new alleles; only mutations in cell lines that produce gametes can be passed to offspring.

Question 11: stabilizing selection

Answer:

Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes.

Question 12: mechanical isolation

Answer:

species may be anatomically incompatible. An example of prezygotic barriers.

Question 13: punctuated equilibrium

Answer:

a term used to describe periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden change observed in the fossil record.

Question 14: directional selection

Answer:

occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range, thereby shifting a population's frequency curve for the phenotypic character in one direction or the other.

Question 15: relative dating

Answer:

method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock

Question 16: gene flow

Answer:

when a population gains or loses alleles by genetic additions to and/or subtractions from the population.Results from the movement of fertile individuals/gametes. reduces the genetic differences between populations,making populations more similar.

Question 17: Miller and Urey

Answer:

tested Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, proved that almost any energy source could have converted the molecules into a variety of organic materials, including amino acids

Question 18: endosymbiotic hypothesis

Answer:

a theory that proposes that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes living inside other host cells

Question 19: gametic isolation

Answer:

even if the gametes of 2 species do meet, they might be unable to fuse to form a zygote. An example of prezygotic barriers

Question 20: homologous structures

Answer:

any structures that are similar due to shared ancestry

Question 21: hardy-weinberg principle

Answer:

It states that the frequencies of alleles and genes in a population's gene pool will remain constant over the course of generations unless they are acted upon by forces other the Mendelian segregation and the recombination of alleles.

Question 22: behavioral isolation

Answer:

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding. An example of prezygotic barriers

Question 23: founder effect

Answer:

a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and establish a new population whose gene pool is not reflective of the source population.

Question 24: reduced hybrid fertility

Answer:

even if the 2 species produce a viable offspring, reproductive isolation is still occurring if the offspring is sterile and can't reproduce. An example of postzygotic barriers.

Question 25: reduced hybrid viability

Answer:

when a zygote is formed, genetic incompatibility may cause development to cease. An example of postzygotic barriers