FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT MICRO CH.11

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FREE BIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT MICRO CH.11

CONTROL EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -127 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Steam under pressure

Answer:

to raise temperature of steam, pressure under which it is generated is increased. Increase in pressure = temperature at which water boils and steam produced rise.

Question 2: Virucide

Answer:

chemical known to inactivate viruses, especially on living tissue

Question 3: Ionizing radiation

Answer:

highly effective alternative for sterilizing materials that are sensitive to heat/chemicals; Considered a cold sterilization

Question 4: Antiseptic

Answer:

chemical agents directly exposed to body surfaces, wounds, and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens (ex. iodine). Root septic-infection

Question 5: Practical concerns in the use of heat

Answer:

Thermal death measurements-as a general rule, higher temperatures allow shorter exposure times and lower temperatures require longer exposure times.

Question 6: How are iodophors used?

Answer:

As antiseptic and disinfectant to prepare skin/equipment for surgery/injections, surgical hand scrubbing, burn treatment

Question 7: Quaternary ammonium (quats)

Answer:

Cationic, Bind and disrupt cell membrane, Low-level disinfectant in the clinical setting

Question 8: Germicidal

Answer:

agent lethal to non-endospore-forming pathogens; Root cide-to kill

Question 9: Ribosome function

Answer:

antibiotic can stop peptide formation, preventing ribosome from synthesizing proteins required in growth/metabolism Question 10: You must kill bacterial spores. How could you do so? List all methods.

Answer:

Sterilization via Tendyllization, autoclave, incineration, ethylene oxide, gluteraldehyde

Question 11: Factors that affect the germicidal activity of chemicals

Answer:

Nature of microorganism, Nature of material being treated, Degree of contamination, Time of exposure, Strength and chemical action of germicide

Question 12: Microbistatic

Answer:

used to control microorganisms in the body (antiseptics and drugs); many compounds can be toxic to human cells.

Question 13: Antiseptics

Answer:

chemical agents directly exposed to body surfaces, wounds, surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens (ex. iodine)

Question 14: Practical concerns in microbial control

Answer:

require sterilization, or disinfection adequate? spores? item to be reused/discarded? item withstand heat, pressure, radiation, chemicals? Will agent penetrate to necessary extent? Is method cost/labor efficient and safe?

Question 15: Antimicrobial elements

Answer:

can occur in liquid, gaseous, or solid state and they range from disinfectants, antibiotics, sterilants, preservatives.

Question 16: Applications of ionizing radiation

Answer:

items placed in machines and irradiated for a short time with a carefully chosen dosage; gamma rays are most penetrating, x rays are intermediate, and cathode rays are least penetrating.Question 17: You are working in primitive conditions and have only a campfire and pot. You have water and a watch but no thermometer. How would you make the water safe to drink?

Answer:

Boiling the water for at least 30 minutes will kill most non-sporeforming pathogens.

Question 18: Oligodynamic action

Answer:

property of having antimicrobial effects in exceedingly small amounts.

Question 19: Applications of gases and aerosols

Answer:

Sterilizes and disinfects plastic materials

Question 20: Phenol and its derivatives

Answer:

phenol (carbolic acid)

Question 21: Thermal death point

Answer:

TDP-defined as the lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes

Question 22: Sepsis

Answer:

growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues

Question 23: Surfactants (detergents)

Answer:

lower surface tension of cell membranes; physically bind to lipid layer of membrane and penetrate internal hydrophobic region. Opens up usually tight interface, making leaky spots that lead to bad chemicals seeping in and good chemicals seeping out.

Question 24: Antisepsis

Answer:

same as disinfection except a living surface is involved

Question 25: MOA of heat

Answer:

Dehydrates the cell-removes water necessary for metabolic reactions; Denatures proteins; Some proteins prefer dehydrated conditions, so high heat is necessary for microbial control-burning to ashes

Question 26: Aldehydes as germicides

Answer:

Organic substances bearing a -CHO functional group on the terminal carbon; Two most commonly used Question 27: Describe the effects of ionizing radiation on DNA. Why is this an effective means of sterilization?

Answer:

Ionizing radiation causes molecules to become excited-ejects orbital electrons from an atom and causes ions to form. This means it could break bonds-like the bonds found in DNA which, if broken, would affect cellular processes.