FREE EARTH SCIENCE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT APES

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FREE EARTH SCIENCE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT APES

CH. 4 VOCAB EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -42 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Gyres

Answer:

Large-scale patterns of water circulation that move East to West (clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere and West to East (counterclockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere + redistribute heat in the ocean likeconvection currents in the atmosphere

Question 2: Mangrove swamps

Answer:

Swamps that occur along tropical and subtropical coasts and contain salt-tolerant trees with roots submerged in water (these trees protect the coastline from erosion and storm damage)

Question 3: Albedo

Answer:

The percentage of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface (Earth averages 30%, but tropical regions can be as low as 10% and snow covered regions as much as 95%)

Question 4: Polar cells

Answer:

Convection cells in the atmosphere, formed by air that rises at 60 degrees N and S, sees its water vapor condense into precipitation, dries as it moves toward the poles, then and sinks at the poles

Question 5: Saturation point

Answer:

The maximum amount of water vapor that can be in the air at a given temperature

Question 6: Benthic zone

Answer:

The muddy bottom of a lake or pond beneath the limnetic and profundal zones

Question 7: Freshwater wetlands

Answer:

Aquatic biomes that are submerged or saturated in water for at least part of each year, but that are shallow enough to support emergent vegetation (Swamps contain trees, marshes contain nonwoody vegetation like cattails, and bogs are acidic + contain moss

Question 8: Troposphere

Answer:

The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth, extending about 16 km and containing most of the atmosphere's nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor (weather occurs here)

Question 9: Tropical rainforest

Answer:

A warm and wet biome found between 20 degrees N and S of the equator, with little seasonal temperature variation and high precipitation (contain more biodiversity per hectare than any other terrestrial biome and contain up to 2/3 of terrestrial species)

Question 10: Rain shadow

Answer:

A region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side

Question 11: Aphotic zone

Answer:

The layer of water that lacks sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 12: Tropical seasonal forest/savanna

Answer:

A biome marked by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons

Question 13: Woodland/shrubland

Answer:

A biome characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters - long growing season, but growth is constrained by low precipitation in summer and low temperatures in winter (wildfires in the summer) -

ex: Southern California

Question 14: Subtropical desert

Answer:

A biome prevailing at about 30 degrees N and S, with hot temperatures, extremely dry conditions, and sparse vegetation

Question 15: Temperate grassland/cold desert

Answer:

A biome characterize by cold, harsh winters and hot, dry summers - has the lowest annual precipitation rate or any temperate biome, and fires are common, so plants are mostly nonwoody and quick to regrow

- ex: the Great Plains

Question 16: Limnetic zone

Answer:

A zone of open water in lakes and ponds where rooted plants can no longer survive (phytoplankton are the only photosynthetic organisms)

Question 17: Permafrost

Answer:

An impermeable, permanently frozen layer of soil found in tundra biomes

Question 18: Thermohaline circulation

Answer:

An oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water. Salty surface waters flow from the Gulf of Mexico to the North Atlantic, where some water freezes or evaporates, causing the cold, salty water to sink + create a deep,

Question 19: Temperate seasonal forest

Answer:

A biome with warmer summers and colder winters than temperate rainforests and dominated by deciduous trees (very productive, one of the first biomes to be used for agriculture) ex: Eastern US

Question 20: Intertropical convergence zone

Answer:

An area of Earth the receives the most intense sunlight (also dense clouds and thunderstorm activity), where the ascending branches of the two Hadley cells converge (shifts between 23.5 degrees N and S as Earth rotates, causing seasonal precipitation)

Question 21: Biomes

Answer:

Geographic regions categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation, and distinctive plant growth forms

Question 22: Upwelling

Answer:

The upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as a result of diverging currents - brings nutrients from the ocean floor that support a large population of producers

Question 23: Intertidal zone

Answer:

The narrow band of coastline between levels of high tide and low tide - stable during high tide, but direct sunlight and high temperatures during low tide + potential washing away during changing tides

Question 24: Chemosynthesis

Answer:

A process used by some bacteria in the ocean to generate energy with methane and hydrogen sulfide