FREE MCAT AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT MCAT BIO. CHEM

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FREE MCAT AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT MCAT BIO. CHEM

CH. 4 EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -37 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Anomeric Carbon

Answer:

The new chiral center formed in ring closure. It was the carbon containing the carbonyl in the straight-chain form.

Question 2: D-sugars

Answer:

Sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with -OH group on the right (in a Fischer projection)

Question 3: Maltose

Answer:

Glucose-alpha

Question 4: Phosphorylation

Answer:

Reaction in which a phosphate ester is formed by transferring a phosphate group from ATP onto a sugar.

Question 5: Ketoses

Answer:

Sugars with ketones as their most oxidized group

Question 6: Disaccharides

Answer:

Result of glycosidic bonding between two monosaccharide subunits

Question 7: Monosaccharides

Answer:

Single carbohydrate units with glucose as the most observed monomer.

Question 8: Glycoside Formation

Answer:

Basis for building complex carbohydrates and requires the anomeric carbon to link to another sugar.Question 9: Eq. 4.1: Number Of Stereoisomers With Common Backbone

Answer:

= 2^n

Question 10: Esterification

Answer:

Reaction in which sugars react with carboxylic acids and their derivatives to form esters.

Question 11: Three Reactions For Monosaccharides

Answer:

Oxidation-reduction, esterification, and glycoside formation.

Question 12: Tetroses

Answer:

Four-carbon sugars

Question 13: Diastereomers

Answer:

Nonsuperimposable configurations of molecules with similar connectivity. How the differ: at least one but not all chiral carbons (includes epimers and anomers)

Question 14: Sucrose

Answer:

Glucose-alpha-1,2-fructose

Question 15: Trioses

Answer:

Three-carbon sugars

Question 16: Polysaccharides

Answer:

Result of repeated monosaccharide or polysaccharide glycosidic bonding.

Question 17: Glycogen

Answer:

Functions as a main energy storage form for animals.

Question 18: Note On How Carbohydrates Are Organized

Answer:

By their number of carbon atoms and functional groups

Question 19: Haworth Projections

Answer:

Provide a good way to represent 3D structure

Question 20: Epimers

Answer:

Subtype of diastereomers that differ at exactly one chiral carbon.

Question 21: Cyclization

Answer:

Describes ring formation of carbohydrates from their straight chain forms.

Question 22: Aldoses

Answer:

Sugars with aldehydes as their most oxidized group

Question 23: Note Of Nomenclature Of All Sugars

Answer:

Nomenclature of all sugars is based on the D- and L-forms of glyceraldehyde.

Question 24: Reducing Sugars

Answer:

Sugars that can be oxidized and are reducing agents

Question 25: Tollen's Or Benedict's Reagents

Answer:

Can detect reducing sugars.

Question 26: Deoxy Sugars

Answer:

Sugars with a -H replacing an -OH group

Question 27: Mutarotation

Answer:

Rotation in which cyclic compounds shift from one anomeric form to another with the straight-chain form as an intermediate.

Question 28: Starches (amylose and amylopectin)

Answer:

Function as a main energy storage form for plants.