FREE NURSING AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

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FREE NURSING AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -32 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: To ensure that the most appropriate drug is being used to treat a pathogen, which would need to be done first?

Answer:

Obtaining sensitivity testing

Explanation:

Performing sensitivity testing on cultured microbes is important to evaluate the bacteria and determine which drugs are capable of controlling the particular organism. Once the sensitivity testing is completed, then the decision for the drug can be made. Combination therapy is used when appropriate after culture and when sensitivity testing has been completed. Checking client allergies also would be done after sensitivity testing but before administering the d Question 2: When an anti-infective's function is to destroy the infective pathogen, it is classified

as:

Answer:

bactericidal

Explanation:

Anti-infectives can act to destroy an infective pathogen (bactericidal) or to prevent the pathogen from reproducing (bacteriostatic). Resistance is the ability over time to adapt to an anti-infective drug and produce cells that are no longer affected by a particular drug. Culture and sensitivity testing identify the causal pathogen and the most appropriate drug for treating the infection.

Question 3: A nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized for pneumonia. The nurse reviews the electronic health record and evaluates that the microbiology data does not support the use of the broad spectrum antibiotic. Which statement is the nurse's best response to the provider about the results?

Answer:

"The microbiology data is identifying another antibiotic appropriate for the client."

Explanation:

Laboratory tests used to definitively identify causative organisms and to determine susceptibility to antibiotics usually require 48 to 72 hours, so the prescriber usually initiates treatment with an antimicrobial drug that is likely to be effective. The nurse should communicate with the prescriber about the change so that a correction can be made as soon as possible. Telling the prescriber to review the m Question 4: A medical nurse on a night shift is reviewing a client's medication administration record for the following day. The nurse notes that a combination antimicrobial drug is prescribed. What is implied by the fact that the client has been prescribed a combination drug?

Answer:

The client may have an infection caused by multiple microorganisms.

Explanation:

Indications for combination therapy may include infections caused by multiple microorganisms. A fungal or protozoal infection is not implied, and the client may or may not have a history of recurrent infections.Intolerance of single antibiotics is not normally an indication for combination therapy.Question 5: A client with acne has been receiving an anti-infective agent for a prolonged period.Initially, the drug was effective, but over time its effectiveness as decreased. What is the nurse's best action?

Answer:

Refer the client to the health care provider because the client may be experiencing resistance

Explanation:

Resistance refers to the organism's ability to adapt over time to an antibiotic and produce cells that are no longer affected by a particular drug. Destruction of the normal flora by anti-infectives commonly leads to superinfection, an infection that occurs when opportunistic pathogens that were kept in check by the normal bacteria have the opportunity to invade the tissues. Hypersensitivity or

Question 6: Administration of what type of antibiotic by the nurse would be most likely to cause a superinfection?

Answer:

broad spectrum

Explanation:

One offshoot of the use of anti-infectives, especially broad-spectrum anti-infectives, is destruction of the normal flora, allowing opportunistic pathogens to invade tissue and cause a superinfection.Narrow-spectrum anti-infectives are less likely to kill normal flora, although it is not impossible. A drug may be bactericidal, meaning it kills the pathogen; or bacteriostatic, meaning it prevents reproduction of the pathogen, but this is not related to superinfections.Question 7: A client has been diagnosed with osteomyelitis and has been prescribed clindamycin, a narrow spectrum antibiotic. When planning this client's care, the nurse should

understand that:

Answer:

the microorganism causing the infection is likely known

Explanation:

Narrow spectrum antibiotics are appropriate when the identity of the microorganism is known or strongly suspected. This is unrelated to the client's immune function. Broad spectrum drugs are not necessarily trialed before using narrow spectrum drugs. The risk of adverse effects is not the determining factor.Question 8: A client has been diagnosed with an infection. The nurse can help to ensure the

success of anti-infective treatment by:

Answer:

confirming that the medication prescribed is the drug of choice for the specific microorganism.

Explanation:

In order for treatment to be effective, it is necessary for an anti-infective to be accurately matched to the offending pathogen. Anti-infectives do not normally cause cardiac adverse effects. The client should be taught that adverse effects can be managed and are not necessarily an inevitability that must be endured. Antihistamines do not prevent most adverse effects.Question 9: Although the numbers and virulence of microorganisms help determine whether a

person acquires an infection, another major factor is:

Answer:

The host's ability to defend itself against the would-be invaders.

Explanation:

The human body and the environment contain many microorganisms, most of which do not cause

disease and live in a state of balance with the human host. When the balance is upset and infection occurs, characteristics of the infecting microorganism and the adequacy of host defense mechanisms are major factors in the severity of the infection and the person's ability to recover. Conditions that impair defense mechanisms increas Question 10: Clients receiving aminoglycosides should be monitored closely for which toxicity?

Answer:

Renal

Explanation:

When clients are taking aminoglycosides, they should be monitored closely for any signs of renal dysfunction. To prevent any accumulation of the drug in the kidney, clients should be well hydrated throughout the course of the drug therapy.

Question 11: What would be categorized as an anti-infective agent?

Answer:

Anthelmintics

Explanation:

Anthelmintics are a type of anti-infective agent used for infections caused by worms. Anticoagulants are agents that affect blood clotting. Anticonvulsants are agents that help to control seizures.Anticholinergics are agents that block the action of acetylcholine.Question 12: A nurse is taking a history on a client new to the clinic. The client reports being allergic to penicillin. What additional information about this reported allergy would be important for the nurse to find out?

Answer:

What reaction symptoms occurred

Explanation:

It is important to determine what the allergic reaction was and when the client experienced it (e.g., after first use of drug, after years of use). Some clients report having a drug allergy, but closer investigation indicates that their reaction actually constituted an anticipated effect or a known adverse effect to the drug. It would not necessarily be important to find out what was done to stop the reaction, who the caregiver was at the time of the reaction

Question 13: Which would be tested to determine parasitic sources of infection?

Answer:

Stool

When investigators search for parasitic sources of infection, they may examine stool for ova and