FREE PHYSIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

PDF Download

FREE PHYSIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

ENDOCRINOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -93 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: regulation of T3 and T4

Answer:

hypothalamus and release of TSH from adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland

Question 2: what happens in the absence of PTH

Answer:

death in a few days from hypocalcemia Question 3: which pituitary is controlled by substances made in the hypothalamus

Answer:

anterior

Question 4: Growth Hormone

Answer:

GH or somatotropin; stimulates the uptake of amino acids into cells; stims growth of long bones and soft tissues; closure of epiphyseal cartilage stops growth of long bones-puberty (sex hormones)

Question 5: adrenogenital syndrome

Answer:

alteration of enzymes required to produce mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids, results in an increase in the production of sex hormones. symptoms: masculinization of females, facial and body hair, acne, paleness, increased muscularity, atrophy of breas

Question 6: diabetes insipidus

Answer:

lack of ADH (often due to damage to the pituitary or the hypothalamus. loss of 75% of ADH secretory neurons is necessary before polyuria is evident)

Question 7: symptoms of acromegaly/gigantism

Answer:

overgrowth of bone, particularly of the skull and mandible; nose thickened and puffy, large ears, large tongue, large hands, increased sweating, fatigue, and weight gain

Question 8: graves' disease (thyroxicosis)

Answer:

excessive secretion of T4 and T3. Loss of weight, rapid pulse, warm, moist skin, increased appetite, increased basal metabolic rate, tremor, goiter, exophthalmos (bulging eyes); muscular weakness.

Treatment: surgical removal of a portion of thyroid gland,

Question 9: how to diagnose diabetes mellitus

Answer:

oral glucose tolerance test; oral administration of 1.75 g/Kg of glucose after at least 3 days on a 300 g carbohydrate diet

Question 10: GLUT4

Answer:

transporter that moves glucose across the membrane

Question 11: steroids

Answer:

lipids that are derived from cholesterol. These are lipid soluble and will thus cross the plasma membrane and enter cells rapidly. Estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol

Question 12: how are most hormones transported in the blood?

Answer:

carrier proteins

Question 13: cretinism

Answer:

insufficient secretion of T4 and T3 in infants and children. Stunted growth, thickened facial features, large protruding tongue, abnormal bone growth, mental retardation, decreased metabolic rate, general lethargy. Treat with T3 and T4 Question 14: lf the non crystalline calcium, what percent is in cells and what percent is in extracellular fluid

Answer:

of 1%, .9% is inside the cells and .01% is in the extracellular fluid

Question 15: down-regulation

Answer:

when a hormone is present in excess the number of target cell receptors may decrease

Question 16: other name for glucocorticoids

Answer:

cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Question 17: endocrine glands

Answer:

anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid pancreas, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, ovaries, testes

Question 18: somatomedins

Answer:

GH exerts growth-promoting effects indirectly by stimulating somatomedins; somatomedin IGF is an insulin-like growth factor

Question 19: master gland

Answer:

anterior pituitary, now known to be controlled by the hypothalamus. has structure of an endocrine gland

Question 20: where are posterior pituitary hormones synthesized

Answer:

in the hypothalamus and then transported intracellularly to the posterior pituitary from which they are released

Question 21: chromaffin cells do what

Answer:

secrete catecholamines in the adrenal medulla

Question 22: what does the thyroid gland produce

Answer:

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin

Question 23: type I insulin-dependent (juvenile onset) diabetes mellitus

Answer:

requires insulin injections (there is no insulin being secreted), often severe and complicated by ketoacidosis, onset usualy in youth but may occur at any age

Question 24: two types of diabetes mellitus

Answer:

type I-insulin-dependent (juvenile onset), type II-noninsulin-dependent (maturity onset)

Question 25: parathyroid glands

Answer:

four small glands attached to the posterior surface of the thyroid glands. Principal or chief cells in the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone.

Question 26: biogenic amines

Answer:

synthesized by modifying amino acids; T3 and T4, epinephrine, histamine, serotonin