FREE PHYSIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

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FREE PHYSIOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

LYMPHATIC & IMMUNITY EXAM QUESTIONS Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -25 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Which type of lymphocytes mature in the thymus?

Answer:

T-cells mature in the cortex of the thymus Question 2: Which type of T cell participates in both cell-mediated & antibody-mediated immune responses?

Answer:

T-helper cells (CD4) Question 3: What are the names of the 4 lymph sacs from which lymphatic vessels develop?

Answer:

• Jugular Lymph Sacs

• Retroperitoneal Lymph Sac

• Cisterna Chyli

• Posterior Lymph Sacs

Question 4: After birth, what are the main fx of the spleen?

Answer:

White Pulp: B & T cells carry out immunity related fx

Red Pulp: blood cell fx

• removal of ruptured, worn out, or defective blood cells & platelets

• storage of platelets

Question 5: What happens to foreign substances in lymph that enter a lymph node?

Answer:

Lymph enters one end of the lymph node where the foreign substances get trapped by the reticular fibers within the sinuses. Macrophages destroy some foreign substances through phagocytosis while lymphocytes destroy others through immune response

Question 6: What is the role of the thymus in immunity?

Answer:

To produce & proliferate mature T cells & populate the secondary lymphatic organs & tissues with T cells

Question 7: What are the main signs, symptoms, & stages of inflammation?

Answer:

signs and symptoms: redness, pain, heat, swelling

stages: vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, emigration of phagocytes from blood into interstitial fluid, tissue repair Question 8: What internal defenses provide protection against microbes that penetrate the skin & mucuous membranes?

Answer:

Antimicrobial substances: interferons, complement, iron-binding proteins, & antimicrobial proteins Phagocytes Natural Killer (NK) Cells Inflammation Fever

Question 9: Is lymph more similar to blood plasma or to interstitial fluid?

Answer:

Interstitial fluid: lymph is the excess drained interstitial fluid. also, the protein content of lymph is low

Question 10: What tissue contains stem cells that develop into lymphocytes?

Answer:

Red Bone Marrow (a specialized form of reticular connective tissue)

Question 11: When do lymphatic tissues begin to develop?

Answer:

By the end of the 5th week of embryonic life

Question 12: How do lymphatic vessels differ in structure from veins?

Answer:

Lymphatic vessels have thinner walls & more valves

Question 13: What causes the swelling in inflammation?

Answer:

leakage of fluid from capillaries due to increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 14: Does inhalation promote or hinder the flow of lymph?

Answer:

PROMOTE: as inhalation occurs, lypmph flows from the higher pressured abdominal region to the lower pressured thoracic region **lymph flows upward**

Question 15: What chemicals are responsible for killing ingested microbes?

Answer:

Lysozyme, digestive enzymes, & oxidants can kill microbes ingested during phagocytosis

Question 16: Diagram the route of lymph circulation

Answer:

blood capillaries (blood) -> interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid) -> lymphatic capillaries (lymph) -> lymphatic vessels (lymph) -> lymphatic ducts (lymph) -> junction of the internal jugular & subclavian veins (blood)

Question 17: Which lypmphatic vessels empty into the cisterna chyli & which duct receives lymph from the cisterna chyli?

Answer:

The R/L lumbar trunks as well as the intestinal trunk empty into the cisterna chyli which then drains into the thoracic duct

Question 18: What fx's do lymph nodes, the spleen, & the tonsils serve?

Answer:

they are all a form of a filter against foreign substances.

lymph nodes: lymph

spleen: blood

tonsils: inhaled/injested

Question 19: How are the activities of NK cells & phagocytes similar/different?

Answer:

similar: they do not depend on specific antigen recognition and do not exhibit a memory response different: NK cells promote cell lysis by direct cell attack (not killing the microbes inside) whereas phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens

Question 20: What is the difference between an epitope & a hapten?

Answer:

epitopes are smaller immunogenic parts of the larger antigen molecule while hapten become immunogenic only when they attach to a larger carrier molecule

Question 21: What causes the heat in inflammation?

Answer:

increased blood flow & the rise of metabolic reactions Question 22: How are interstitial fluid and lymph similar, & how do they differ?

Answer:

Similar: fluid that bathes blood cells

Differences: LOCATION (interstitial fluid is found btwn cells & lymph is found in lymphatic tissue &

lymphatic vessels) interstifial fluid=RBC : lymph=lymphocytes