FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

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FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT

COGPSYCH ~10 EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -44 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: What is visual imagery?

Answer:

Seeing in the absence of a visual stimulus.

Question 2: What is mental chronometry?

Answer:

Determining the amount of time needed to carry out various cognitive tasks.

Question 3: What is mental imagery?

Answer:

It is the ability to recreate the sensory world in the absence of physical stimuli.

Question 4: Described Kosslyn's (1995) study on imagery and activation.

Answer:

Subjects created small, medium and large visual images in a scanner. Small visual images caused activity at the back of the brain, but increases in size brought the activity forward to the front just as it does for perception.

Question 5: Describe Shepard & Metzler's (1971) experiment using mental chronometry.

Answer:

They saw pictures of pairs of objects. Their task was to indicate ASAP whether the objects were same/different. They found that the time it took to decide that the two views were of the same object was linearly correlated to how different the angles were.

Question 6: What is the imagery debate?

Answer:

A debate about whether imagery is based on spatial mechanisms, such as those involved in perception, or on mechanisms related to language, called propositional mechanisms?Question 7: What evidence is there supporting that thinking can occur without images?

Answer:

Galton (1883) observed that people who had great difficulty forming visual images were still quite capable of thinking.

Question 8: What is the tacit knowledge explanation, as proposed by Pylyshyn?

Answer:

It states that subjects unconsciously use knowledge about the world in making their judgments.Question 9: What did Kosslyn et al (1978) discover in their scanning experiment?

Answer:

They found that it took longer to scan between greater distances on the image, supporting the idea that visual imagery is spatial in nature.Question 10: How did Alan Paivio's (1963) work on memory link behaviour and cognition?

Answer:

He showed that it was easier to remember concrete nouns that can be imaged that it is to remember abstract nouns.

Question 11: What did Wundt state about imagery?

Answer:

Images were one of the three basic elements of consciousness, along sensations and feelings. He also proposed that because images accompany thought, studying images was a way of studying thinking?

Question 12: What did Kosslyn (1973) find in his study?

Answer:

It took longer for subjects to find parts that are located farther from the initial point of focus because that would be Question 13: What did Farah (1988) suggest as evidence for perception-imagery relationships instead of behavioural experiments?

Answer:

We should also investigate how the brain responds to visual imagery. Brain imaging experiments provided additional data regarding the physiology of imagery.Question 14: How does the size of the object affect activation in the visual cortex?

Answer:

Perceiving small objects causes activity in the back of the visual cortex, and looking at larger objects causes activity to spread toward the front of the visual cortex.

Question 15: What was the importance of Shepard & Metzler's (1971) study?

Answer:

• One of the first to apply quantitative methods to the study of imagery

• and suggest that imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms - the spatial experience

for both imagery and perception matches the layout of the actual stimulus.Question 16: Describe Kreiman et al's (2000) study on the physiology of imagery.

Answer:

He found neurons that responded to some objects but not to others, and that these neurons fired in the same way when the person imagined the object. He called them "imagery neurons".Question 17: Describe Parky's (1910) study and results on interaction between perception and imagery.

Answer:

Subjects mentally projected images of common objects onto a secretly back-projected screen, and then described this image. The descriptions matched the images that Perky was projecting, and none of them were aware that there was an actual picture.

Question 18: What is an epipenomenon?

Answer:

Something that accompanies the real mechanism but is not actually part of the mechanism.Question 19: In addition to suggesting that Kosslyn's results can be explained in terms of propositional representations, what else did Pylyshyn propose?

Answer:

He suggested that scanning time increases with distance as subjects responded to the tasks based on what they know about what usually happens when they are looking at a real scene. (staging a scene) Question 20: How did Finke & Pinker's (1982) study on mental scanning counter Pylyshyn's tacit knowledge explanation of Kosslyn's mental scanning results?

Answer:

Subjects wouldn't have had time to memorize the distances between the arrow and the dot before making their judgments, and so unlikely that they used tacit knowledge about how long it should take to get from one point to another.

Question 21: What is a depictive representation?

Answer:

Representations that are like realistic pictures of an object, so that parts of the representation correspond to parts of the object.

Question 22: Describe Finke & Pinker's (1982) study on mental scanning.

Answer:

Subjects were presented a four dot display and 2 s later an arrow, and indicated whether the arrow was pointing to any of the dots they had just seen. It was found that they took longer to respond for greater distances between the arrow and the dot.

Question 23: What was Lea's (1975) alternative explanation for kosslyn's study?

Answer:

As subject scanned, they may have ecountered other interesting parts and this distraction may have increased reaction time.

Question 24: What did Kosslyn's mental walk experiment discover?

Answer:

Subjects had to move closer for small animals (less than 1 foot away from a mouse) than for larger animals (about 11 feet) just as they would have to do if they were walking towards actual animals.