FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT AP

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FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT AP

PSYCH: LEARNING EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -36 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: continuous reinforcement

Answer:

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs (ratio)

Question 2: positive reinforcement

Answer:

increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers

Question 3: positive punishment

Answer:

administer an aversive stimulus

Question 4: conditioned response (CR)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)

Question 5: law of effect

Answer:

Edward Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Question 6: fixed-interval schedule

Answer:

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Question 7: variable-ratio schedule

Answer:

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 8: habituation

Answer:

an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

Question 9: partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Answer:

reinforcing a response only some of the time; slower but enduring learning (interval)

Question 10: acquisition

Answer:

in classical conditioning, the linking of a NS and and US so that the NS begins triggering the CR. in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

Question 11: Ivan Pavlov

Answer:

discovered classical conditioning

Question 12: spontaneous recovery

Answer:

the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR

Question 13: operant chamber (Skinner box)

Answer:

a chamber used in operant conditioning research that allows an animal to use a bar or key to obtain a reinforcer with attached devices to measure the rate of the animal's usage

Question 14: conditioned/secondary reinforcer

Answer:

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer

Question 15: associative learning

Answer:

learning that certain events occur together, whether that's two stimuli (classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (operant conditioning)

Question 16: fixed-ratio schedule

Answer:

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Question 17: conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, a previously irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an US, comes to trigger a CR

Question 18: unconditioned response (UR)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response to an US

Question 19: extinction

Answer:

the diminishing of a conditioned response; in classical conditioning, when an US doesn't follow a CS; in operant conditioning, when when a response is no longer reinforced

Question 20: neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that doesn't elicit a response prior to becoming the CS (tone)

Question 21: operant conditioning

Answer:

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 22: negative reinforcement

Answer:

increasing behaviors by removing or reducing negative stimuli (relief)

Question 23: shaping

Answer:

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward successively closer approximations of the desired behavior

Question 24: positive reinforcer

Answer:

any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response

Question 25: unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally or automatically triggers a response (UR)

Question 26: punishment

Answer:

an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows

Question 27: variable-interval schedule

Answer:

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals